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盘点:脑小血管病相关研究汇总

2020-04-01 shaosai MedSci原创

脑小血管病相关汇总

Stroke:脑小血管病对颅内出血后功能恢复有何影响?

背景和目的
本研究旨在评价脑小血管病基于CT特征与颅内出血后神经功能及其恢复情况的相关性。
方法
本研究纳入了行CT检查的颅内出血患者,利用视觉等级量表评估脑白质疏松和脑萎缩的程度。不良神经功能结果定义为改良Rankin量表(mRS) ≥3。利用多远Logistic和线性回归模型评价脑小血管病影像学指标与出院时不良神经功能结果(出院时)和自出院后至脑卒中90天内mRS变化。
结果
在排除院内死亡病例后,在2344例患者中,共有583 (24.9%)例患者出院时获得良好的神经功能结果(mRS为0-2),1761 (75.1%)例患者出院时出现不良神经功能结果(mRS为3-5)。脑白质疏松程度加重(P for trend, 0.01)、严重(grade 4)脑萎缩(odds ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.22-3.39, P=0.007)与出院时不良神经功能结果具有独立相关性。自出院后至脑卒中90天内平均(SD)mRS变化为0.57 (1.18)。脑白质疏松程度增加 (P for trend, 0.002)和严重脑萎缩(β [SE], -0.23 [0.115]; P=0.045)与自出院后至脑卒中90天内mRS改善较差具有相关性。
结论
本研究表明,对于颅内出血的幸存患者来说,脑出血是的脑小血管程度与出院时不良神经功能结果和自出院后至脑卒中90天内mRS改善较差具有相关性。
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Stroke:脑小血管病患者最后是否会发展为痴呆?

背景与目的
脑小血管病(SVD)是血管性认知损害最常见的原因,其中很大比例的患者最后演变为痴呆。本研究旨在评价扩散张量成像图像分割技术(DSEG)预测认知下降程度及演变为痴呆的价值,从而提供一种有种的预后手段。
方法
本研究共纳入了9例SVD患者,每年进行磁共振检查(连续3年)和认知功能评价(连续5年)。利用DSEG-θ作为全脑SVD严重程度的指标。参考DSMMDV标准来诊断痴呆。利用Cox回归分析评价DSEG指标、血管危险指标与痴呆高风险的相关性。利用线性判别分析对病情稳定组与脑痴呆患者进行分类。
结果
DSEG- θ与高级功能和整体认知功能具有相关性(P<0.001)。其中有18例(18.2%)患者演变为痴呆。基线DSEG-θ 预测痴呆的分类率为75.95%,其曲线下面积为0.839。最佳分类模型包括基线DSEG-θ 、DSEG-θ 变化、年龄、性别和发病前的智商(平衡分类率为79.65%,曲线下面积为0.903)。
结论
本研究表面DSEG是一种能够利用单一影像学检查方法准确评估SVD患者脑微结构损害的全自动分析技术。DSEG-θ 是识别SVD患者演变为痴呆高风险的重要工具,具有评估SVD严重程度的潜能。
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Neurology: DWI阳性小病灶在脑小血管病进展中的价值

目的:本研究旨在评估脑小血管病(SVD)中无症状性扩散加权成像阳性小病灶的发生率,验证其在MRI中SVD标识物起源的价值。

方法:本研究共纳入了503例SVD患者。分析所有受试者的DWI图像来寻找DWI+病灶,利用T2-FLAIR、T1和T2*图像对DWI+病灶进行随访,观察其变化,评估DWI+病灶与每年SVD进展的相关性(白质异常高信号(WMH)、腔隙性脑梗死、微出血)。

结果,在1152次DWI检查中,共有39例患者检查DWI+病灶,39例共包含50处DWI+病灶。与无DWI+病灶的患者相比,具有DWI+病灶患者的年龄要高于无DWI+的患者(p = 0.025),高血压病史更为常见(p = 0.021),SVD标记物(白质异常高信号(WMH)、腔隙性脑梗死、微出血,所有 p < 0.001)负荷更大。在23例具有DWI+病灶随访中,14 (61%)进展为WMH,8 (35%)进展为空腔,1 (4%)显示不清。DWI+病灶与每年WMH体积增加、发生腔隙性脑梗死和微出血具有显着相关性(所有p < 0.001)。

本研究表明,超过3%的SVD患者会出现DWI+病灶。尽管DWI+病灶对SVD进展有影响,但其并不能完全解释SVD标记物负荷进展的问题,这还有其他非急性缺血性指标影响着SVD的进展。
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Stroke:训练免疫特征与进行性脑小血管病相关

脑小血管病(cSVD)是导致认知衰退及痴呆症的主要血管性原因。尽管研究提示,系统性炎症在其中发挥了作用,但目前cSVD的发病机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。在某些病理生理情况下,单核细胞可重新编程为长期促炎表型,即训练免疫。Stroke发表的一项最新研究探讨了训练免疫在cSVD进展中所发挥的作用。

研究共计入选51例轻度至重度cSVD患者,根据2006年~2015年磁共振成像所示白质高信号(WMH)体积(ml)确定cSVD的严重程度,根据两次评估所得的ΔWMH 确定2006年~2015年的进展情况。对外周血单个核细胞及单核细胞进行离体刺激评估细胞因子的产生情况,采用流式细胞术对单核细胞亚群进行鉴定。

受试患者平均年龄为(70±6)岁,男性占60%,2006年~2015年ΔWMH为(5.1±6.4) ml。分析显示,循环中高敏白介素(hsIL)-6的水平与cSVD具有相关性(P=0.005,rs=0.40);单核细胞产生细胞因子的能力与cSVD进展具有相关性。基线单核细胞IL-8及IL-17的产生以及Pam3Cys刺激后单核细胞IL-6的产生均与cSVD具有相关性(P=0.08,rs=0.25;P=0.03,rs=0.30和P=0.008,rs=0.44)。相反,白色念珠菌刺激后外周血单个核细胞中干扰素(IFN)-γ的产生则与cSVD呈负相关(P=0.009,rs=?0.36)。流式细胞术分析显示,中间型单核细胞亚群与cSVD具有相关性(P=0.01,rs=0.36)。

综上可见,cSVD的严重程度及进展不仅与系统性炎症(hsIL-6)还与循环单核细胞的训练免疫特征即细胞因子产生能力的改变及向促炎的中间型单核细胞亚群转变具有相关性。
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Stroke:降压治疗对脑小血管病的作用
脑小血管病(Serebral small vessel disease,SVD)是一个复合术语,神经影像上脑小血管损害是其特征,包括白质高信号(WMH)、腔隙、微出血、血管周围间隙、急性小皮层下梗死和脑萎缩。随着严重程度的增加,SVD与认知功能和步态受损有关。

高血压是脑小血管病的重要危险因素。虽然抗高血压药物(antihypertensive medication,AHM)能够有效地预防大动脉脑血管病并且应用于临床实践,但是其对SVD的作用尚不清楚。

2108年6月来自荷兰的Tessa van Middelaar等在Stroke上公布了他们的系统性综述和meta分析,探讨了AHM对SVD MRI表现进展的作用。

研究者检索了2017年1月30日前的随机对照研究,这些随机对照研究探讨了AHM对>=1 脑SVD MRI表现(比如WMH、腔隙、微出血、扩大血管周围间隙、急性小皮层下梗死和脑萎缩)患者>=1年后的作用。采用标准化均数差进行了随机效应meta分析。

共纳入了4想试验,纳入的患者合并卒中、糖尿病、年龄>=70岁。在28-47个月,AHM组WMH进展的可能性更低(standardized mean difference, -0.19; 95% confidence interval, -0.32 to -0.06; I2=20%; n=1369)。对于脑萎缩的进展,两项研究取得了不一致的结果。这些试验皆未报道对其他脑小血管病表现的作用。

最终作者认为,AHM对进展性白质高信号具有保护作用,但是对脑萎缩无效。没有试验探讨AHM对腔隙、微出血、扩大血管周围间隙或急性小皮层下梗死的作用。
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    2020-11-17 Ms🧐🧐🧐🧐🧐🧐

    中青年患者的病因呢?

    0

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