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NEJM:埃博拉病毒性传播案例及启示

2015-10-19 Mechront 译 MedSci原创

埃博拉病毒(EBOV)会导致人类和非人类灵长类动物出现严重的出血热,并且埃博拉(EVD) 死亡率很高,在新的地理区域持续出现新案例,包括爆发数目最多的区域——非洲西部。WHO数据显示,在几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂有超过 28,000例确认或可疑EVD病人,并且有超过11,000 人因该病死亡。美国陆军与利比里亚生物医学研究所(LIBR)的科学家合作通过基因分析,确诊了一例通过性传播的可疑EVD。近

埃博拉病毒(EBOV)会导致人类和非人类灵长类动物出现严重的出血热,并且埃博拉(EVD) 死亡率很高,在新的地理区域持续出现新案例,包括爆发数目最多的区域——非洲西部。WHO数据显示,在几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂有超过 28,000例确认或可疑EVD病人,并且有超过11,000 人因该病死亡。

美国陆军与利比里亚生物医学研究所(LIBR)的科学家合作通过基因分析,确诊了一例通过性传播的可疑EVD。近期NEJM发表一篇文章,通过基因分析为EBOV的性传播提供了分子依据。

LIBR的科学家在今年3月份分析了EBOV阳性的女性患者的血液样本,当时30天时间内都没有新发疫情。该女性病人和其男性伴侣近期有过性行为,而此男性为EVD幸存者,经治疗后于2014年10月EBOV转阴。

随后5月27日该女性病人逝世,公共卫生人员获取了幸存男性的精液并进行检测。定量RT-PCR提示精液中EBOV阳性,但是EBOV RNA含量很少,并且需要一个不同于当初的样品制备方法。因此研究者对男性精液提取的 EBOV RNA 进行了基因测序(NGS),并且与之前女性患者血液里提出的病毒RNA进行基因的比较。

研究结果显示女性血液里的EBOV和男性精液中的EBOV是一样的,该病毒的传播是直接传播。并且研究者从基因中发现了3个不同于非洲西部的其他EBOV的序列,在利比里亚该案例之前也没有相似发现。

结合流行病学数据,该基因分析结果支持EBOV的性传播途径,并且发病后179天精液中EBOV持久存在。该发现促使CDC和WHO改变之前的看法,对于EVD康复者之后的性行为,需要明确EBOV在精液中的存活时间后才能给明确建议。

睾丸作为具“免疫特权”的器官很少被发现免疫反应,以保护其免受损害。其他类似器官还有眼睛、CNS、妊娠时的子宫等。因此该器官的病毒感染就可能会逃过系统炎症反应,并且持久存在。

同时该研究为EVD的治疗提供了些许线索,例如潜在的治疗方式应该是针对具“免疫特权”的睾丸等器官。因为清除了血里的病毒并不意味着全身感染的清除。

并且该案例也为EVD的管理和隔离等提供了更多信息。例如爆发期间为医疗人员和公共卫生人员提供实时序列信息——这还是头一遭。

原始出处:


Mate SE, Kugelman JR, Nyenswah TG,et al.Molecular Evidence of Sexual Transmission of Ebola Virus.N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 14.

US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. "Sexual transmission of Ebola virus in Liberia confirmed using genomic analysis." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 15 October 2015.


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    2016-06-19 howi
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    2015-10-25 Troubleisme

    医疗人员真的太辛苦

    0

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    2015-10-25 Troubleisme

    直接传播特恐怖

    0

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