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发烧、皮疹、贫血、关节炎、肺炎、血象异常,这可能是什么罕见病?

2023-04-05 MedSci原创 MedSci原创 发表于上海

VEXAS综合征是一种由UBA1基因体细胞突变引起的成年起病的炎症性疾病,在我国十分罕见。

年近60岁的苏先生,出现严重的发烧、皮疹、贫血、关节炎……三年前,全身接二连三出现了奇怪的症状,去年10月甚至昏迷进入ICU,多次输血后勉强捡回一条命。

患者有多种病痛,包括发热、眼部红肿、左踝结节、肺炎、以及耳廓和鼻梁红肿。在一家医院,医生诊断为复发性多软骨炎,但经治疗后没有任何好转,反而逐渐出现了严重的贫血和血小板减少。

这是上海仁济医院风湿科碰到的真实案例。

这可能是什么疾病?

仁济医院风湿科副主任医师丁慧华和主治医师吴玲玲利用风湿病研究所的实验资源,高度怀疑可能是罕见的VEXAS综合征病例,距离该病的全球首次报道仅相隔2年。因此,为患者免费量身定制基因检测。使用极少量的血液、头发和指甲组织,当晚便开始了缜密详细的检测。

“检测结果出来了!”短短一个星期后,两位医生便带来了众人期待的诊断依据。果不其然,苏先生存在显著的体细胞突变,符合VEXAS综合征的诊断。

(VEXAS患者骨髓涂片可见胞浆带空泡的细胞)

明确诊断后,又一道难题摆在了风湿科医生们面前。目前为止,还没有针对VEXAS综合征持续有效的治疗方法。对于苏先生而言,既往尝试了各类治疗,均未见效。

仁济医院风湿科主任医师陈盛带领团队通过全科讨论,结合国内外前沿报道及本科室在免疫领域丰富的临床经验,最终为患者制定了精准的治疗方案。经过近1月的精心呵护,苏先生终于平安出院,并在两周后来到门诊随访,“各项报告都很好啊,继续加油!”

(患者不同的体细胞基因测序结果)

陈盛表示,目前为止,还没有持续有效的治疗方法和明确的预后情况,多数患者会出现疾病复发。治疗策略主要根据对当前VEXAS综合征病理生理机制的理解提出:针对UBA1突变、炎症反应。对于该患者而言,当前治疗的选择主要基于各类报道和个体情况,个性化定制,需定期随访。

什么是VEXAS综合征?

在2021年,NEJM杂志上首次报道了该疾病。VEXAS综合征是一种由UBA1基因体细胞突变引起的成年起病的炎症性疾病,在我国十分罕见。

VEXAS综合征是一种UBA1基因体细胞突变引起的成年起病的炎症性疾病,在我国十分罕见,并且缺乏充分的临床诊治经验。2020年12月,美国国立卫生研究院的研究者首次描述了这一类疾病。VEXAS综合征目前患病率未知,多出现在男性,中位起病年龄为64岁。难治性炎性疾病并伴有进行性血液学异常的患者应考虑诊断VEXAS。

这个疾病的主要特点,UBA1 基因位于 X 染色体上,女性有两条染色体,因此,发病的概率是极低的。因此,患者大多数是男性,体细胞突变影响 UBA1 中的甲硫氨酸 41 (p.Met41),UBA1 是启动泛素化的主要 E1 酶。 主要表现为顽固的炎症综合征,伴有发烧、血细胞减少、骨髓和红细胞前体细胞中的特征性空泡、发育不良的骨髓、中性粒细胞皮肤和 肺部炎症、软骨炎和血管炎。 患者中的大多数符合炎症综合征(复发性多软骨炎、Sweet 综合征、结节性多动脉炎或巨细胞动脉炎)或血液病症(骨髓增生异常综合征或多发性骨髓瘤)或两者的临床标准。 在超过一半的造血干细胞中发现了突变,包括外周血骨髓细胞,但不包括淋巴细胞或成纤维细胞。 影响 p.Met41 的突变导致 UBA1 的典型细胞质异构体丢失,并导致在 p.Met67 处启动的新型催化受损异构体的表达。 突变的外周血细胞表现出泛素化减少和先天免疫通路激活。

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VEXAS综合征临床表现

主要临床特征是92%患者会发烧,88%的患者会有皮肤损害,72%患者会有肺部浸润,64%患者有耳鼻软骨炎,44%患者会有伴有静脉血栓,96%患者有大红细胞性贫血。

相关文献:

Faurel A, Heiblig M, Kosmider O, Cornillon J, Boudou L, Guyotat D, Martignoles JA, Jamilloux Y, Noyel P, Daguenet E, Faure AC, Sujobert P, Flandrin-Gresta P. Recurrent Mutations of the Active Adenylation Domain of UBA1 in Atypical Form of VEXAS Syndrome. Hemasphere. 2023 Mar 24;7(4):e868. doi: 10.1097/HS9.0000000000000868

 
Beck DB, Ferrada MA, Sikora KA, Ombrello AK, Collins JC, Pei W, Balanda N, Ross DL, Ospina Cardona D, Wu Z, Patel B, Manthiram K, Groarke EM, Gutierrez-Rodrigues F, Hoffmann P, Rosenzweig S, Nakabo S, Dillon LW, Hourigan CS, Tsai WL, Gupta S, Carmona-Rivera C, Asmar AJ, Xu L, Oda H, Goodspeed W, Barron KS, Nehrebecky M, Jones A, Laird RS, Deuitch N, Rowczenio D, Rominger E, Wells KV, Lee CR, Wang W, Trick M, Mullikin J, Wigerblad G, Brooks S, Dell'Orso S, Deng Z, Chae JJ, Dulau-Florea A, Malicdan MCV, Novacic D, Colbert RA, Kaplan MJ, Gadina M, Savic S, Lachmann HJ, Abu-Asab M, Solomon BD, Retterer K, Gahl WA, Burgess SM, Aksentijevich I, Young NS, Calvo KR, Werner A, Kastner DL, Grayson PC. Somatic Mutations in UBA1 and Severe Adult-Onset Autoinflammatory Disease. N Engl J Med (IF: 91.25; Q1). 2020 Dec 31;383(27):2628-2638. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2026834

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    2023-04-05 仁术2023 来自吉林省

    不错,学习了。

    0

  2. 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topicName=软骨炎), TopicDto(id=89688, encryptionId=581e8968859, topicName=血管炎), TopicDto(id=42535, encryptionId=47d542535e4, topicName=复发性多软骨炎), TopicDto(id=16961, encryptionId=aa1d1696117, topicName=Sweet综合征), TopicDto(id=78831, encryptionId=f1e8e8831b3, topicName=结节性多动脉炎), TopicDto(id=48211, encryptionId=ea86482116d, topicName=巨细胞动脉炎), TopicDto(id=101964, encryptionId=fab3101964cd, topicName=骨髓增生异常综合征), TopicDto(id=43116, encryptionId=dd85431162e, topicName=多发性骨髓瘤), TopicDto(id=105779, encryptionId=fc2d105e79f7, topicName=大红细胞性贫血), TopicDto(id=79556, encryptionId=5a8be955621, topicName=罕见病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=侠胆医心, createdTime=Wed Apr 05 03:02:44 CST 2023, time=2023-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=上海)]
    2023-04-05 ms1000001135559321 来自山东省

    学习

    0

  3. 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    2023-04-05 ms2000000702445417 来自湖南省

    罕见病,学习中

    0

  4. 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style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Sweet综合征#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=f1e8e8831b3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结节性多动脉炎#</a>或<a href='/topic/show?id=ea86482116d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#巨细胞动脉炎#</a>)或血液病症(<a href='/topic/show?id=fab3101964cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#骨髓增生异常综合征#</a>或<a href='/topic/show?id=dd85431162e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#多发性骨髓瘤#</a>)或两者的临床标准。 在超过一半的造血干细胞中发现了突变,包括外周血骨髓细胞,但不包括淋巴细胞或成纤维细胞。<a href='/topic/show?id=fc2d105e79f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大红细胞性贫血#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=5a8be955621' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#罕见病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=1, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=105776, encryptionId=18cf105e76f0, topicName=VEXAS综合征), TopicDto(id=105777, encryptionId=a88f105e7768, topicName=UBA1基因), TopicDto(id=105778, encryptionId=3cf9105e7880, topicName=炎症综合征), TopicDto(id=93554, encryptionId=0d269355426, topicName=软骨炎), TopicDto(id=89688, encryptionId=581e8968859, topicName=血管炎), TopicDto(id=42535, encryptionId=47d542535e4, topicName=复发性多软骨炎), TopicDto(id=16961, encryptionId=aa1d1696117, topicName=Sweet综合征), TopicDto(id=78831, encryptionId=f1e8e8831b3, topicName=结节性多动脉炎), TopicDto(id=48211, encryptionId=ea86482116d, topicName=巨细胞动脉炎), TopicDto(id=101964, encryptionId=fab3101964cd, topicName=骨髓增生异常综合征), TopicDto(id=43116, encryptionId=dd85431162e, topicName=多发性骨髓瘤), TopicDto(id=105779, encryptionId=fc2d105e79f7, topicName=大红细胞性贫血), TopicDto(id=79556, encryptionId=5a8be955621, topicName=罕见病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=侠胆医心, createdTime=Wed Apr 05 03:02:44 CST 2023, time=2023-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=上海)]
    2023-04-05 ms2000000702445417 来自湖南省

    学习

    0

  5. 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    2023-04-05 1013100771 来自山东省

    确实罕见

    0

  6. 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topicName=软骨炎), TopicDto(id=89688, encryptionId=581e8968859, topicName=血管炎), TopicDto(id=42535, encryptionId=47d542535e4, topicName=复发性多软骨炎), TopicDto(id=16961, encryptionId=aa1d1696117, topicName=Sweet综合征), TopicDto(id=78831, encryptionId=f1e8e8831b3, topicName=结节性多动脉炎), TopicDto(id=48211, encryptionId=ea86482116d, topicName=巨细胞动脉炎), TopicDto(id=101964, encryptionId=fab3101964cd, topicName=骨髓增生异常综合征), TopicDto(id=43116, encryptionId=dd85431162e, topicName=多发性骨髓瘤), TopicDto(id=105779, encryptionId=fc2d105e79f7, topicName=大红细胞性贫血), TopicDto(id=79556, encryptionId=5a8be955621, topicName=罕见病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=侠胆医心, createdTime=Wed Apr 05 03:02:44 CST 2023, time=2023-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=上海)]
    2023-04-05 ms4000000512201075 来自吉林省

    不错学习了。

    0

  7. 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    2023-04-05 2809 来自山西省

    第一次听说,学习了

    0

  8. 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    2023-04-05 jshbyywk2008 来自河北省

    第一次听说这样的病

    1

    展开1条回复
  9. 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    2023-04-05 ms8000000859026375 来自山西省

    学习了

    0

  10. 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    2023-04-05 侠胆医心 来自上海

    #VEXAS综合征#是一种#UBA1基因#体细胞突变引起的成年起病的炎症性疾病。 UBA1 基因位于 X 染色体上,女性有两条染色体,因此,发病的概率是极低的。因此,患者大多数是男性,体细胞突变影响 UBA1 中的甲硫氨酸 41 (p.Met41),UBA1 是启动泛素化的主要 E1 酶。 主要表现为顽固的#炎症综合征#,伴有发烧、血细胞减少、骨髓和红细胞前体细胞中的特征性空泡、发育不良的骨髓、中性粒细胞皮肤和肺部炎症、#软骨炎##血管炎#。 患者中的大多数符合炎症综合征(#复发性多软骨炎##Sweet综合征##结节性多动脉炎##巨细胞动脉炎#)或血液病症(#骨髓增生异常综合征##多发性骨髓瘤#)或两者的临床标准。 在超过一半的造血干细胞中发现了突变,包括外周血骨髓细胞,但不包括淋巴细胞或成纤维细胞。#大红细胞性贫血##罕见病#

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