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NEJM :ANGPTL3基因的功能失活变异与心血管疾病之间有何联系?

2017-07-20 MedSci MedSci原创

在血管生成素样蛋白3基因(ANGPTL3)中的功能失活变异与三酸甘油酯、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)胆固醇的血浆水平降低有关。但是目前尚不清楚这种血管生成素样蛋白3的变异或治疗的拮抗作用是否与患动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的风险降低有关。

近日,在医学权威杂志The New England Journal of Medicine上发表了一篇研究文章,旨在探讨ANGPTL3基因的功能失活变异与心血管疾病之间的联系。

背景
血管生成素样蛋白3基因(ANGPTL3)中的功能失活变异与三酸甘油酯、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)胆固醇的血浆水平降低有关。但是目前尚不清楚这种血管生成素样蛋白3的变异或治疗的拮抗作用是否与患动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的风险降低有关。

方法
此研究纳入了来自于DiscovEHR人类遗传学研究的58,335名参与者,研究人员对这些参与者的ANGPTL3的外显子进行了测序。研究人员研究了血管生成素样蛋白3基因(ANGPTL3)中的功能失活变异与血脂水平、冠状动脉疾病之间的联系,这一研究对象是来自DiscovEHR研究中心的13102例病例和40,430例对照;研究人员还对来自4个人口研究的23,317例病例和107,166例对照进行了随访研究。研究人员还测试了人类单克隆抗体evinacumab对高脂血症小鼠的Angptl3的影响,以及在健康的人类志愿者体内的甘油三酸酯或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的影响。

结果
与没有这些变异的参与者相比,ANGPTL3功能失活的杂合变异的参与者中甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的血清水平明显降低。在0.33%的冠心病患者和0.45%的对照组中发现了功能失活变异(调整后的优势比:0.59;95%置信区间:0.41到0.85;P = 0.004)。这些结果在后续的研究中得到了证实。在血脂异常小鼠中,与对照抗体组相比,用evinacumab抑制Angptl3从而导致动脉粥样硬化病变和坏死物含量的下降更明显。在人类中,evinacumab引起了经安慰剂调整过的与剂量相关的水平下降:空腹甘油三酯水平下降到76%,LDL胆固醇水平下降到23%。

结论
由此可见,在人类和小鼠的ANGPTL3的基因的和治疗上的拮抗作用与三种主要脂类成分的水平降低有关,并且降低了动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的发生率。

原始出处
Justin W.Timbie, Claude M.Setodji, Amii Kress, et al. Genetic and Pharmacologic Inactivation of ANGPTL3 and Cardiovascular Disease. NEJM. 2017 July. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa1616041.

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