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Nature:中国科学家发现1445种新RNA病毒

2016-11-26 佚名 生物探索

11月24日,Nature期刊在线发表了中国疾病控制中心传染病所研究员张永振团队主导、悉尼大学若干研究员参与的学术论文《无脊椎动物RNA病毒圈的重新界定》(Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere)。在文章中,科学家自2011年起针对9个动物门、超过220种无脊椎动物标本进行了宏转录组测序,后者是以特定样品中微生物群落的全部RNA为研究对象,从转录水平上

11月24日,Nature期刊在线发表了中国疾病控制中心传染病所研究员张永振团队主导、悉尼大学若干研究员参与的学术论文《无脊椎动物RNA病毒圈的重新界定》(Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere)。



在文章中,科学家自2011年起针对9个动物门、超过220种无脊椎动物标本进行了宏转录组测序,后者是以特定样品中微生物群落的全部RNA为研究对象,从转录水平上分析微生物群落中活跃菌种的组成及其相关情况;并发现:RNA病毒在无脊椎动物中普遍存在,多样性远超过现有病毒知识体系;RNA病毒和宿主关系复杂,既有频繁的跨物种传播,又有共同进化的特征。

据悉,病毒被学界称为“生命科学的暗物质”,在已知生物中基因组多样性最强、变异速度最高。

RNA病毒是生物病毒的一种。常见的RNA病毒中就有公众很熟悉又避之不及的,诸如艾滋病病毒、“非典”病毒、埃博拉病毒、禽流感病毒等。其在病毒复制过程中变异很快,所以很难研制出相应的疫苗。据介绍,全新病毒的发现也揭示病毒基因组具有极其巨大的灵活性,包括频繁的重组、病毒和宿主间的水平基因转移、基因的获得和丢失以及复杂的基因组重排。

2011年国际病毒分类委员会(ICTV)第九版报告统计的已确认的包括DNA病毒和RNA病毒共有2284种。而此次,科学家发现的仅新RNA病毒就多达1445种,其中,许多病毒因与现有已知病毒差异性极大,足以被定义为新的病毒科,颠覆了传统的认知。

1445种全新病毒科被发现

在专家看来,此次张永振团队研究发现的新病毒数量很多,不仅充实了病毒的“数据库”,极大丰富了RNA病毒的多样性;还填补了病毒进化上的主要空缺,从遗传进化的角度揭示了RNA病毒发生和进化上的基本规律;同时改变了病毒学的传统观念,为认识生命的起源进化提供了新的基础。

复旦大学生物医学研究院徐建青教授认为,最新研究首次清晰展示了微生物和宿主之间共同进化的关系,并揭示了一个以宿主转换和共进化为特征的病毒进化史,未来预计对生命的起源进化研究产生巨大影响。

中国疾控中心副主任、中国科学院院士高福说:“这些发现对病毒预警、预测有重要作用,与人类健康息息相关”。


原始出处

Mang Shi,Xian-Dan Lin,Jun-Hua Tian.et.al.Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere.Nature.2016

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Cas9是一种特殊的核酸内切酶,已经迅速成为了基因组编辑时代的革命性的新工具。通过小的RNA作为引导序列,Cas9能够特异性结合到DNA上我们感兴趣的区域,然后切割DNA双链。《美国科学院院刊》近期发表了一篇关于改造Cas9系统的文章。来自一种革兰氏阴性细菌(Francisella novicida)的FnCas9能够通过重编程后(即改变引导RNA的序列),能够结合到在真核生物细胞中特异性的RNA

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