Molecular Reproduction and Development is an international journal that encompasses the molecular biology of reproductive and related developmental processes in humans multi-cellular animals and plants. In addition to studies in gamete biology (sex cells fertilization and early development) the journal publishes original research articles and invited reviews that impinge on modern reproductive biology such as genetics (including gene regulation and expression) transgenics cell biology and biochemistry as well as studies in physiology endocrinology anatomy and ultrastructure that provide a basis for molecular biological investigations. This unified approach achieves a balanced comprehensive coverage of modern reproductive and developmental biology. Topical coverage includes but is not limited to: spermatogenesis oogenesis fertilization; embryo and fetal development; micromanipulation of eggs and embryos; gene transfer and its applications (including studies with transgenics and the control of gene expression); the use of probes in the diagnosis of congenital defects sex determination and the study of developmental processes; new reproductive technologies in clinical and veterinary medicine; the molecular endocrinology of reproduction and reproductive behavior; molecular biological aspects of fertility; and genetic engineering of livestock and crops.