Baidu
map

除了带走疼痛 什么也不能发生——自发性脑出血患者的镇痛镇静治疗

2019-06-10 杨翃 重症医学

患者情况接到外院电话,男性,50岁,考虑动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者,拟转诊我院,电话介绍病情尚稳定,意识模糊,躁动,未行气管插管。我科医生立即携带出诊箱随救护车接诊病人。病人体重约70Kg,眉头紧皱,躁动,出汗,肢体扭曲,瞳孔等大等圆,光反射灵敏,呼吸26bpm,BP 185/105mmHg,HR 120bpm,SPO2 98%,GCS评分E3V4M5,持续泵注尼莫地平及硝普钠(50mg/50ml

患者情况

接到外院电话,男性,50岁,考虑动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者,拟转诊我院,电话介绍病情尚稳定,意识模糊,躁动,未行气管插管。我科医生立即携带出诊箱随救护车接诊病人。

病人体重约70Kg,眉头紧皱,躁动,出汗,肢体扭曲,瞳孔等大等圆,光反射灵敏,呼吸26bpm,BP 185/105mmHg,HR 120bpm,SPO2 98%,GCS评分E3V4M5,持续泵注尼莫地平及硝普钠(50mg/50ml)以5ml/h 控制血压。

评估

对于这样一位可能有言语障碍的患者,我们选用了非言语疼痛评估表(NVPS)。该患者在面部表情、身体活动度、保护性姿势和生理参数(血压及心率)4个维度的评分都达到了2分,总分为8分,存在重度疼痛。我们希望维持患者RASS评分在-2-0分之间,以比较好地进行GCS评估。经过评估,该患者需要镇痛镇静治疗。

镇痛镇静策略

采用镇痛优先的最小化镇静策略

#不加重脑损伤

#不影响GCS评分

#不影响神志瞳孔

#随时能够被唤醒

药物选择-瑞芬太尼

#瑞芬太尼快速起效,1分钟左右迅速达到血-脑平衡,作用持续时间仅5~10分钟;

#其分布半衰期为1分钟;消除半衰期为6分钟; 终末半衰期为10-20分钟;

#主要通过血浆和组织中非特异性酯酶水解代谢,不受肝、肾功能的影响;

#静脉输注即时半衰期相当恒定,与给药剂量和持续给药时间无关,均为3-5min。

#小剂量瑞芬太尼(<=0.05ug/kg/min)能充分保持使用压力支持通气模式的重症病人镇静状态,而没有意识的丧失。

处理

控制期:



维持期:

盐酸瑞芬太尼以5ml/小时,瑞芬太尼1mg配至50ml,(0.023ug/kg/min)泵入;

右美托咪定以5ml/小时,右美200ug配至50ml,(0.28ug/kg/h )持续泵入 。

评估:

RASS  1,NVPS 1,GCS E3V4M5;呼之可睁眼,有遵嘱动作;停用硝普钠。

入院诊断与处理

行DSA诊断为:左大脑前动脉的动脉瘤破裂,在气管插管全麻下行脑动脉瘤夹闭术,术毕转入ICU,全麻未醒,呼吸机辅助呼吸,术前GCS评分E3V4M5,术后入科即刻测ABP为155/89mmHg,HR 70bpm,ICP 12mmHg。

5分钟后病人出现呛咳、躁动,ABP升至220/140mmHg,HR130bpm,ICP 26mmHg。

查询麻醉记录单,发现使用药物为超短效镇痛镇静药物。

处理措施

快速控制期



维持期

盐酸瑞芬太尼以7ml/小时,瑞芬太尼1mg配至50ml,(0.033ug/kg/min)泵入;

右美托咪定以5ml/小时,右美200ug配至50ml,( 0.28ug/kg/h )持续泵入 ;

评估

RASS-1,NVPS 0,GCSE3V4M5;患者呼之可睁眼,有遵嘱动作。

总结

有创操作期:遵医嘱按需给予短效的镇痛镇静药物预先处理;静脉注射瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚、咪达唑仑等;

夜间睡眠期:夜间按需给予镇静催眠,在浅镇静的基础上,再给予咪达唑仑1-2mg 快速泵注诱导睡眠,保证睡眠质量,减少谵妄发生;

撤药期:逐步减少镇痛镇静药物;带呼吸机完成CT检查,拔除气管导管,逐步停用瑞芬太尼,再逐步减少直至停用右美托咪定。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2047865, encodeId=a3b0204e86555, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b2cf96812a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇静治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96812, encryptionId=b2cf96812a4, topicName=镇静治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbcc223, createdName=cooco, createdTime=Mon Oct 14 08:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2028336, encodeId=67142028336d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1929680e5c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇痛镇静#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96807, encryptionId=b1929680e5c, topicName=镇痛镇静)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a98f453, createdName=pcw106, createdTime=Sat May 02 16:21:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355320, encodeId=c39213553207e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=256a96e9990' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96799, encryptionId=256a96e9990, topicName=镇痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1389408, encodeId=255213894085d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f086095c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自发性脑出血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86095, encryptionId=61f086095c1, topicName=自发性脑出血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=606c2500035, createdName=ms3153534357578991, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1530593, encodeId=49fa1530593ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ed4a860e872' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86078, encryptionId=ed4a860e872, topicName=自发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=584a12117168, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2047865, encodeId=a3b0204e86555, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b2cf96812a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇静治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96812, encryptionId=b2cf96812a4, topicName=镇静治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbcc223, createdName=cooco, createdTime=Mon Oct 14 08:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2028336, encodeId=67142028336d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1929680e5c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇痛镇静#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96807, encryptionId=b1929680e5c, topicName=镇痛镇静)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a98f453, createdName=pcw106, createdTime=Sat May 02 16:21:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355320, encodeId=c39213553207e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=256a96e9990' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96799, encryptionId=256a96e9990, topicName=镇痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1389408, encodeId=255213894085d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f086095c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自发性脑出血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86095, encryptionId=61f086095c1, topicName=自发性脑出血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=606c2500035, createdName=ms3153534357578991, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1530593, encodeId=49fa1530593ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ed4a860e872' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86078, encryptionId=ed4a860e872, topicName=自发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=584a12117168, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2047865, encodeId=a3b0204e86555, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b2cf96812a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇静治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96812, encryptionId=b2cf96812a4, topicName=镇静治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbcc223, createdName=cooco, createdTime=Mon Oct 14 08:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2028336, encodeId=67142028336d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1929680e5c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇痛镇静#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96807, encryptionId=b1929680e5c, topicName=镇痛镇静)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a98f453, createdName=pcw106, createdTime=Sat May 02 16:21:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355320, encodeId=c39213553207e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=256a96e9990' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96799, encryptionId=256a96e9990, topicName=镇痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1389408, encodeId=255213894085d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f086095c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自发性脑出血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86095, encryptionId=61f086095c1, topicName=自发性脑出血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=606c2500035, createdName=ms3153534357578991, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1530593, encodeId=49fa1530593ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ed4a860e872' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86078, encryptionId=ed4a860e872, topicName=自发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=584a12117168, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-06-12 zhaojie88
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2047865, encodeId=a3b0204e86555, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b2cf96812a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇静治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96812, encryptionId=b2cf96812a4, topicName=镇静治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbcc223, createdName=cooco, createdTime=Mon Oct 14 08:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2028336, encodeId=67142028336d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1929680e5c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇痛镇静#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96807, encryptionId=b1929680e5c, topicName=镇痛镇静)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a98f453, createdName=pcw106, createdTime=Sat May 02 16:21:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355320, encodeId=c39213553207e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=256a96e9990' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96799, encryptionId=256a96e9990, topicName=镇痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1389408, encodeId=255213894085d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f086095c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自发性脑出血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86095, encryptionId=61f086095c1, topicName=自发性脑出血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=606c2500035, createdName=ms3153534357578991, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1530593, encodeId=49fa1530593ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ed4a860e872' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86078, encryptionId=ed4a860e872, topicName=自发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=584a12117168, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2047865, encodeId=a3b0204e86555, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b2cf96812a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇静治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96812, encryptionId=b2cf96812a4, topicName=镇静治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbcc223, createdName=cooco, createdTime=Mon Oct 14 08:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2028336, encodeId=67142028336d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1929680e5c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇痛镇静#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96807, encryptionId=b1929680e5c, topicName=镇痛镇静)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a98f453, createdName=pcw106, createdTime=Sat May 02 16:21:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355320, encodeId=c39213553207e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=256a96e9990' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96799, encryptionId=256a96e9990, topicName=镇痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1389408, encodeId=255213894085d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f086095c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自发性脑出血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86095, encryptionId=61f086095c1, topicName=自发性脑出血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=606c2500035, createdName=ms3153534357578991, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1530593, encodeId=49fa1530593ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ed4a860e872' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86078, encryptionId=ed4a860e872, topicName=自发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=584a12117168, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-06-12 sodoo

相关资讯

常规收集医疗数据开展观察性研究,统计方法怎么写?

内容来自《药物流行病学杂志》2019年第28卷第3期,原题目为《使用常规收集医疗卫生数据开展观察性研究的报告规范(药物流行病学版)》。文章译自:BMJ, 2018, 363: k3532。译者申明:RECORD-PE规范中文版翻译得到RECORD指导委员会授权、认可发表。译者为聂晓璐,武泽昊,赵厚宇,詹思延,孙凤,彭晓霞。将这篇文章分享给医咖会的伙伴们,希望大家能从中有所收获。(感谢彭晓霞教授

全国预防接种专项整治 这12项要牢记

根据最新文件精神,今年内关停所有设立疾控中心的接种单位。在此基础上,全面开展预防接种专项整治行动。作为未来承担预防接种任务的基层医疗机构,这12项内容要牢记!近日,国家卫健委办公厅发布《关于印发加快推进预防接种规范化管理工作方案的通知》,今年内关停所有设立在疾控中心的接种单位,用3-5年时间为具备条件的乡镇卫生院或社区卫生服务中心接种门诊配备1名公卫医师。同时,该文件还提出将全面开展专项整治活

常规收集医疗数据开展观察性研究,研究方法怎么写

内容来自《药物流行病学杂志》2019年第28卷第3期,原题目为《使用常规收集医疗卫生数据开展观察性研究的报告规范(药物流行病学版)》。文章译自:BMJ, 2018, 363: k3532。译者申明:RECORD-PE规范中文版翻译得到RECORD指导委员会授权、认可发表。译者为聂晓璐,武泽昊,赵厚宇,詹思延,孙凤,彭晓霞。将这篇文章分享给医咖会的伙伴们,希望大家能从中有所收获。(感谢彭晓霞教授

焦虑啊焦虑 每天都活在恐慌当中 生理需求都没有了!

时代像一列失控的列车,越开越快,给我们犹豫的时间越来越少,给我们上车的间歇越来越短,动作稍慢,错过机会,就可能赶不上趟,永远的被时代抛在后面。曾经陪伴我们成长,记录我们生命那么多精彩瞬间的胶卷没有了;曾经陪伴我们长大,帮助我们了解世界还用来包书皮的知名报纸倒下了;曾经我们边打电话边用来防身的诺基亚手机没有了;曾经我们以为可以淘到便宜货买到物美价廉商品的市场也关门了。那些我们笃信不疑的曾经,在一

医疗案例丨病因不明的高烧 死亡率超高的感染 法律要求医生做什么

病因不明的高烧,死亡率超高的感染,法律要求医生做什么案情回放2012年4月25日早8时,不满1周岁的患儿吴某,因为发热3-4天,咳嗽,腹泻到区妇幼保健院就诊,查体显示体温36℃,咽部充血,双肺无干湿啰音,心音有力,腹部略膨隆,可闻肠鸣音;血检显示白细胞18.9x10?/L,中性粒细胞占70.1%,红细胞蛋白105g/L。区妇幼当即诊断为急性上感,链球菌感染综合症。分别给予了美洛西林钠(皮试),

几件小事养生受益终身 现在开始养生算是“亡羊补牢”

因为工作在医院多年,发现,健康生活和想象的完全不一样。往往,根深蒂固的观念是错的。医院里医生不好当,比如消化科的肠镜视觉效果(大量粪水往外涌),呼吸科的感染性危险(多重耐药啊,结核啊),心内科的高强度(一晚上大抢救两三个,查着房好好的上个厕所挂了),内分泌科和血液科的严重感染危险(糖尿病足等继发厌氧菌感染,血液病免疫力下降皮肤长真菌),肿瘤科也有眼睁睁看着每个月来一趟的化疗患者越来越枯槁最后死

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map