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缺血性脑卒中,原来房颤也是罪魁祸首之一

2021-12-23 华医网 华医网

警惕!房颤也是缺血性脑卒中的罪魁祸首之一!

缺血性脑卒中,是一种影响大脑和大脑内动脉的疾病,当向大脑输送血液的血管被血块阻塞时,就会发生脑卒中。

大家都知道,脑卒中属于一种急症,一旦发现需要急症治疗。

缺血性脑卒中,可以分为脑梗塞,和脑血栓形成,据有关数据统计,占脑卒中的发病率70%,是公共卫生服务慢性病预防的重点所在。

预防的核心是良好的控制血压、血糖、血脂(俗称三高)。国家基本公共卫生服务把高血压糖尿病设定为慢病管理,可以说抓住了重点中的重点,是十分正确的,也更具有专业知识和战略眼光和社会价值。

俗话说得好,未病先防,防大于治,防患于未然,脑卒中自然也不例外。

缺血性脑卒中,究其原因,除了主要是由三高引起的之外,冠心病,心房纤颤也是引起脑卒中的病因,或者诱因之一,不容忽视。

心房颤动(房颤)是临床上常见的心律失常之一,它可以使患者的卒中风险增加4~5倍。数据显示,因缺血性卒中而住院的患者中,28%合并了房颤。

所以,要想远离脑卒中,预防并积极治疗房颤就显得至关重要了。

据多年的临床经验可知,抗凝治疗是预防房颤相关栓塞非常有效的措施!迄今为止,大量的循证医学研究表明,口服抗凝剂能有效降低房颤患者2/3的脑卒中风险,并得到国内外指南的Ⅰ类推荐。

由此不难看出,只有进行抗凝治疗,血液粘稠度得到了有效的稀释,从而预防血栓形成,才能在发生房颤时,预防缺血性脑卒中的发生。

在这里,顺便普及一下抗凝知识,目前,国内市面上常用的口服抗凝剂分为两大类,即传统的维生素K拮抗剂(VKA)和新型口服抗凝药(NOAC)。

VKA的代表药物主要是华法林。NOAC的代表药物,主要有利伐沙班、达比加群、艾多沙班和阿哌沙班

口服华法林,需要定期抽血监测国际标准化比值(INR)。

由此可见,INR是华法林使用过程中的重要指标。

INR过高据悉,(INR>3)时,华法林容易导致出血。INR过低(INR<2)时,华法林不能完全发挥抗凝作用。

相对来说,研究证明,在临床应用中,NOAC较华法林使用简便,潜在的致出血风险低,目前已被国内外指南一致推荐为房颤抗凝的首选。

总之,当房颤发生时,无论是应用华法林,还是利伐沙班,都一定要提高思想认识,了解并牢牢掌握,冠心病,心律失常,新房颤动,容易导致脑卒中(主要栓塞部位)等栓塞性事件的发生,因而抗凝治疗对于房颤患者至关重要,一定要紧绷这根弦。

在临床工作中,很多时候,因为临床工作经验不足,我们往往很容易忽视,有部分缺血性脑卒中患者,合并了冠心病,心房颤动,究其原因,患者之所以发病,是因为房颤发生后,造成栓子脱落,栓塞到了脑血管,才导致缺血性脑卒中的发生。

关于这一点,一定要提高警惕和认知,积极预防和治疗基础病,避免二次病发,栓塞到脑动脉,导致“次生灾害”的相继发生,则后悔莫及,悔之晚矣。

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    2021-12-27 ms4000000713440894

    学习了

    0

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    2021-12-24 weili41248

    值得关注

    0

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    2021-12-23 1235bd28m70暂无昵称

    学习了,非常有用

    0

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