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《柳叶刀》:同性性行为HIV感染率可控制为0!抗逆转录治疗切断艾滋病毒传播

2019-05-06 奇点糕 奇点网

HIV

不久前,河南省教育厅和卫健委联合发布通知,要求将艾滋病防治知识纳入高校和中职院校的必修课,每年不得少于4课时[1]。确实,艾滋病的流行情况并不是很乐观。虽说目前艾滋病经输血传播几乎被完全阻断,经注射吸毒传播大幅下降,母婴传播也得到有效控制,但作为主要传播途径的性传播,其防治形势却依然严峻。然而,这一艾滋病的主要传播途径或许有望被彻底阻断。近日,顶级期刊《柳叶刀》上伦敦大学学院Alison Ro

不久前,河南省教育厅和卫健委联合发布通知,要求将艾滋病防治知识纳入高校和中职院校的必修课,每年不得少于4课时[1]。

确实,艾滋病的流行情况并不是很乐观。虽说目前艾滋病经输血传播几乎被完全阻断,经注射吸毒传播大幅下降,母婴传播也得到有效控制,但作为主要传播途径的性传播,其防治形势却依然严峻。

然而,这一艾滋病的主要传播途径或许有望被彻底阻断。近日,顶级期刊《柳叶刀》上伦敦大学学院Alison Rodger等的一项研究指出[3],在现有的抗逆转录治疗下有效控制病毒载量的艾滋病患者,即使通过最为危险的无保护男男性行为,也不会将艾滋病传染给他人。

此前,已经有研究证明,有效的抗逆转录治疗可以阻断艾滋病经无保护异性性行为传播[4]。性传播这一艾滋病传播的主要途径,终于有望被完全阻断了!

艾滋病要说可怕,确实目前还无法治愈,但在目前的抗逆转录治疗下,却完全可以成为一种不怎么影响生活质量的慢性病[5]。

而在医学问题之外,艾滋病的性传播属性,又带来了歧视、疾病污名化等等社会问题,也阻碍了一些患者接受治疗。特别是男同性恋者中,艾滋病更易传播,这也让本就受歧视的同性恋者备受歧视。

不过艾滋病的传播能力,跟患者血液中的病毒载量有很大关系[6]。而经抗逆转录治疗控制住病毒载量,也已经被证明能有效预防无保护异性性行为间的艾滋病传播。但对于更易于传播艾滋的男男同性性行为,抗逆转录治疗是否还能有效的保护未感染HIV的一方呢?

研究人员对972对一方为HIV感染者的男同夫妻进行了前瞻性观察研究,共获得了2072 couple-year的随访数据。随访过程中,平均每100 couple-year中,有25对夫妻失访,最主要的失访原因是两人分手。最终,研究共纳入了来自782对夫妻的1593 couple-year的数据。

这些同性夫妻中,感染HIV一方平均年龄40岁,2%为双性恋,接受抗逆转录治疗的中位时间为4.3年。他们对治疗的依从性也都很好,97%的感染者检测不到病毒载量(50拷贝/mL以下),99%的病毒载量在200拷贝/mL以下。而未感染HIV的一方平均年龄38岁,4%为双性恋。在研究开始前,他们就已经有了中位时间为1年的无保护性行为史。

在随访中,这些同性夫妻共计进行了76088次无保护性行为,有185名(24%)HIV阳性者和214名HIV阴性者感染了梅毒、淋病等其它性病。更是有436(56%)的HIV阴性者接受了最容易传播艾滋的体内射精。

但这些同性夫妻中,HIV阴性的一方却只有15人在随访期间被HIV感染。而且这15人所感染的HIV病毒,也被遗传学证明与他们的同性配偶无关。

经研究人员计算,病毒载量低于200拷贝/mL的艾滋病患者的配偶,在无保护性行为中被HIV感染的风险不高于0.23/100 couple-year,即使是接受肛交和体内射精,感染HIV的风险也不高于0.57/100 couple-year,可以认为几乎不会传播。

而在病毒载量不符合要求,高于200拷贝/mL的共19.3 couple-year的随访记录中,共发生了810次无保护性行为,也没有发现经遗传学证实的同性夫妻间的艾滋病传播。

论文作者Alison Rodger教授表示:“我们的研究结果为男同性恋者提供了确凿的证据,证明使用抗逆转录病毒抑制疗法后传播艾滋病毒的风险为零。我们的发现支持国际U=U运动的信息,即无法检测的病毒载量使艾滋病毒无法传播。”

“现在必须加大努力,更广泛地传播这一强有力的信息,确保所有艾滋病毒阳性患者都能获得检测、有效治疗、坚持治疗以及与护理的联系,以帮助维持无法检测到的病毒载量。”

参考文献:

1. http://www.haedu.gov.cn/2019/04/23/1555999003483.html

2. http://www.phsciencedata.cn/Share/ky_PreviewData.jsp?datasetid=010213243574725160001241100000&docOrPdf=pdf

3. RODGER A J, CAMBIANO V, BRUUN T, et al. Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study[J]. The Lancet.

4. Cohen M S, Chen Y Q, McCauley M, et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy[J]. New England journal of medicine, 2011, 365(6): 493-505.

5. WAINBERG M A, LEVER A. World AIDS Day: together we will stop HIV transmission and conquer AIDS[J]. Retrovirology, 2013, 10: 129-129.

6. Attia S, Egger M, Müller M, et al. Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Aids, 2009, 23(11): 1397-1404.

原标题:《柳叶刀》重磅:同性性行为HIV感染率可控制为0%!研究证实,经抗逆转录治疗控制病毒载量,可以切断艾滋病毒经无保护同性性行为传播

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    2019-05-18 hxj0117
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    2019-12-14 mjldent
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    2019-05-08 xugc
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    2019-05-06 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

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    2019-05-06 龙胆草

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