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Lancet Oncol:曲妥珠单抗生物类似物:CT-P6即将来临!

2017-06-12 肿瘤资讯 肿瘤资讯

曲妥珠单抗的应用开启了HER2阳性乳腺癌靶向治疗新时代,显着改善了这一亚型乳腺癌患者的总生存。然而由于单抗类药物价格昂贵,且没有医保的覆盖,很多患者没有机会接受靶向治疗。CT-P6是曲妥珠单抗的生物类似物。这一研究等效性III期研究,旨在对比CT-P6和参照药曲妥珠单抗用于HER2阳性早期乳腺癌新辅助治疗的疗效。

曲妥珠单抗的应用开启了HER2阳性乳腺癌靶向治疗新时代,显着改善了这一亚型乳腺癌患者的总生存。然而由于单抗类药物价格昂贵,且没有医保的覆盖,很多患者没有机会接受靶向治疗。CT-P6是曲妥珠单抗的生物类似物。这一研究等效性III期研究,旨在对比CT-P6和参照药曲妥珠单抗用于HER2阳性早期乳腺癌新辅助治疗的疗效。

背景

约25%的浸润性乳腺癌患者中可检测到HER2基因扩增,HER2扩增导致HER2跨膜蛋白组成性的激活。曲妥珠单抗是人源化的单克隆抗体,可以与HER2蛋白的胞外区结合。曲妥珠单抗的问世开启了HER2阳性乳腺癌治疗的新篇章。曲妥珠单抗用于HER2阳性乳腺癌新辅助治疗的第一个临床研究,相比于单纯化疗组提高2倍的病理缓解率(pCR),这一显着疗效使得研究提前终止。后续的研究进一步证实了曲妥珠单抗的疗效,不仅可以显着提高pCR率,还能延长患者的总生存。ESMO和ASCO的指南目前推荐化疗联合曲妥珠单抗用于HER2阳性早期乳腺癌,转移性乳腺癌和转移性胃癌。然而,曲妥珠单抗高昂的治疗费用,给卫生保健系统带来严重的负担,很多地区并没有将该药物纳入医疗保险系统,药物的可及性弱。

通过引入生物类似物,可以解决治疗费用的壁垒。生物类似药是指在质量、安全性和有效性方面与已获准注册的原研药(参照药)具有相似性的治疗用生物制品。生物类似物在费用上比原研药更低,因此,可以扩大这类药物的应用人群。CT-P6是曲妥珠单抗的生物类似物。体外实验显示,在与HER2结合的亲和力、抗体依赖细胞介导的毒性、抗增殖活性上、CT-P6与曲妥珠单抗相似。体内研究也显示,CT-P6与曲妥珠单抗的毒副作用相似。本研究为一个等效性研究,旨在对比CT-P6与参照药曲妥珠单抗,用于HER2阳性,可手术早期乳腺癌新辅助治疗的疗效。

方法

这一随机双盲的III期等效性研究,在全球23个国家112个研究中心招募入组患者。研究入组了组织性确认的新发I-IIIa期、可手术、HER2阳性乳腺腺癌。研究入组标本包括:ECOG PS评分0-1分,左室射血分数正常(LVEF ≥55%),至少有1个可测量病灶,ER和PR状态已知。符合入组标准的患者,随机1:1分配至CT-P6或曲妥珠单抗参照组。分层因素包括:临床分期(I/II vs IIIa),ER和PR状态(阳性 vs 阴性),国家(欧洲,中东,非洲 vs 美国 vs 亚洲)。入组患者,研究者和相关工作人员在整个治疗过程中保持盲态,直至所有的临床数据都录入数据库,等待分析和发布结果。PCR率由中心盲态评估。

在21天筛查期后,患者接受新辅助治疗(8个周期化疗,24周),在接受最后一个剂量药物后,3-6周内接受手术,之后继续接受辅助用药满1年。最后1例入组患者,治疗后随访已经满3年。在新辅助治疗阶段,患者接受CT-P6或参照药曲妥珠单抗静脉滴注,第1周期第1天8mg/kg,之后第2-8个周期,第1天6mg/kg,每3周为1个治疗周期,共计8个周期,24周。在第1-4个周期第1天,CT-P6或曲妥珠单抗给药后,立即接受多西他赛(75mg/m2)治疗;第5-8周期第1天,接受FEC方案化疗(氟尿嘧啶500mg/m2,表阿霉素75mg/m2,环磷酰胺500mg/m2)。

为评估新辅助治疗阶段的疗效,分别在入组基线,4个周期治疗后,和治疗介素后进行影像学评估。8个周期新辅助治疗后,进行手术,并评估肿瘤原发灶和腋窝淋巴结(前哨淋巴结活检或腋窝淋巴结清扫)。

主要研究终点为手术时的pCR率(ypT0/is,ypN0),定义为原发灶和腋窝淋巴结均未发现浸润性肿瘤细胞,不包括DCIS。次要研究终点为ORR,保乳比例,其他pCRs(乳腺pCR[ypT0/is]),和无DCIS的pCR率[ypT0,ypN0],以及3年随访结束时的DFS,PFS和OS。统计设计时定义的等效性为治疗组间差异的95%CI在-0.15到0.15之间。PP人群共504例,CT-P6组248例[49%],曲妥珠单抗组256组[51%]。

结果

2014年8月7日至2016年5月6日,共筛查781例患者,随机分配了549例(70%)患者至CT-P6组(217[49%])和曲妥珠单抗参照组(278[51%]),这部分患者定义为ITT人群。完成方案人群(per-protocol population,PP)中排除了严重违背方案的患者,如手术前退组的患者,但手术后发现肿瘤进展的患者仍包括在PP人群中。ITT人群中,两组的基线特征均衡,PP人群的特征与ITT人群相似,两组亦均衡。

PP人群中,根据中心实验室的评估,在手术时,CT-P6组(116/248,46.8%;95%CI 40.4-53.2)和曲妥珠单抗组(129/248,50.4%;95%CI 44.1-56.7)的pCR患者比例相当,见下表2和3。估计的两组pCR比例差值为-0.04%(95%CI -0.12-0.05),95%CI完全组既定的等效性边界(±0.15)。PP人群中,预计的pCR率风险比为0.93(95%CI 0.78-1.11),这一95%CI落入既定的等效性边界(0.74-1.35)。在PP人群的敏感性分析中,治疗组为固定效应,临床分期,ER状态,PR状态,和地理位置为协变量,主要研究终点与ITT人群分析相似。

表2中同时总结了PP人群的次要研究终点。当考虑患者的临床分期时,PP人群的pCR比例相当。两组患者中乳腺pCR率相似。在ITT人群的分析结果与PP人群相似,乳腺pCR率:CT-P6组(133/271,49.1%),曲妥珠单抗组(145/278,52.2%)。两组的治疗差异为-0.03%(95%CI -0.11-0.05),95%CI落入之前设定的±0.15等效性边界。风险比估计为0.94(95%CI 0.80-1.11),95%CI落入既定的等效性边界。在PP人群中,CT-P6组和曲妥珠单抗组取得无DCIS的pCR率相当。PP人群中,两组接受保乳手术的患者比例相当. 两组的ORR相似。ITT人群的保乳率和ORR与PP人群相似。

安全性比较:两组患者中,报道有至少1个治疗相关的不良事件(AE)的发生率相似。CT-P6组中,最常见的治疗相关的AE为秃顶、恶心、输液相关反应和腹泻;而曲妥珠单抗组为秃顶,中性粒细胞减少和恶心。CT-P6组和曲妥珠单抗组中,治疗相关的3度或以上AE的发生率分别为6%(17/271)和8%(23/278)。最常见的AE为中性粒细胞减少,发生率分别为4%(10例)和5%(14例)。两治疗组中,有相似比例的患者因为AE停药。

结论

CT-P6对比曲妥珠单抗参照药,显示出同等的疗效和相似的安全性。曲妥珠单抗生物类似物的应用,将使得更多HER2阳性早期乳腺癌有机会接受靶向治疗。

讨论与点评

尽管曲妥珠单抗是HER2阳性乳腺癌重要的治疗药物,其费用让很多患者望而却步。一个来自肿瘤医生的调查显示,如果能有曲妥珠单抗的生物类似物,将增加患者的使用比例。这一等效性III期研究达到了研究终点,CT-P6疗效与曲妥珠单抗相当,安全性相似,这是非常鼓舞人心的结果。值得期待的是,目前还有多个潜在的曲妥珠单抗生物类似物正在研发,期待更多HER2阳性乳腺癌能从靶向治疗中获益。

原始出处:

Justin Stebbing, Yauheni Baranau, et al. CT-P6 compared with reference trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer: a randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 3 equivalence trial. The Lancet Oncology Available online 4 June 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30434-5

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    2017-08-05 minlingfeng
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    2017-09-25 howi
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    2017-06-13 189****7206

    学习了谢谢分享。

    0

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    2017-06-13 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

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    2017-06-13 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

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JCO:Her2阳性乳腺癌曲妥珠单抗治疗出现进展的方案探索

本研究旨在评估:在应用过紫杉醇+曲妥珠单抗,且在治疗中或治疗后出现进展的HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者中,应用曲妥珠单抗+卡培他滨或曲妥珠单抗+卡培他滨+帕妥珠单抗,两种治疗方案的疗效和安全性。

Lancet:HERA 研究 11 年随访:曲妥珠单抗可提高 Her2 阳性乳腺癌生存

曲妥珠单抗可显着提高 HER-2 阳性乳腺癌患者的总生存期(OS)和无病生存期(DFS),但目前尚无相关长期随访数据。

JCO:Her-2阳性胃或胃食管结合部腺癌:标准治疗vs高剂量的曲妥珠单抗联合化疗(IIIb期多中心随机研究)

发表在6月的JCO上的一篇研究中,来自美中韩三国的研究人员在一线治疗的人表皮生长因子受体-2阳性的转移性胃或胃食管结合部腺癌患者中对标准治疗(SoC)曲妥珠单抗联合化疗vs高剂量(HD)曲妥珠单抗联合化疗进行对比后,探讨高剂量曲妥珠单抗是否升高曲妥珠单抗的血清谷浓度(Ctrough)水平,或是否会提高总生存率(OS)。来自东部肿瘤协作组的(Her-2)阳性,且之前为接受过胃切除术及有≥2个转移灶的

LANCET:使用曲妥珠单抗治疗HER2阳性早期乳腺癌患者维持多久疗效更佳?

临床试验显示曲妥珠单抗是针对HER2受体的重组单克隆抗体,它可以显着改善HER2阳性早期乳腺癌换着的总生存期和无病生存期,但尚需长期的随访数据进一步证实。近期,一项发表在权威杂志LANCET上的文章报告了在HERA试验中患者经过中位随访11年后,观察比较了两种使用曲妥珠单抗治疗的持续时间的结果。HERA(BIG 1-01)是一项关于5102名HER2阳性早期乳腺癌换着的国际多中心,开放标签,3期随

The Lancet Oncology:曲妥珠单抗不能提高HER2阳性晚期胃癌患者的生存率

曲妥珠单抗对既往接受过治疗的HER2阳性的局部晚期或转移性胃癌或食管胃交界腺癌无效

Lancet:曲妥珠单抗对HER2阳性早期乳腺癌的11年随访结果

曲妥珠单抗是HER2受体的单克隆抗体,可以显着增加HER2阳性早期乳腺癌患者的总生存期以及无病生存期。但是对于其疗效的长时间的随访数据仍然缺乏。

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