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“中国儿童感染性疾病防治基层行”正式启动,助力抗击儿童肺炎球菌性疾病

2019-12-06 佚名 医谷

为了更好的开展专业儿童医院PICU和基层社区卫生机构儿童感染性疾病防控的交流与合作,增强基层感染性疾病的认知,提高预防接种在该类疾病防控中的作用。由《中华医学杂志》社、中华医学会儿科分会急救学组共同开展的“中国儿童感染性疾病防治基层行”启动会于日前在河南郑州隆重举行。该活动旨在联合全国各级儿科、CDC、产科以及社区医院,讨论儿童感染性疾病的诊治和防控,以降低感染性疾病对儿童的危害,提高我国儿童相关

为了更好的开展专业儿童医院PICU和基层社区卫生机构儿童感染性疾病防控的交流与合作,增强基层感染性疾病的认知,提高预防接种在该类疾病防控中的作用。由《中华医学杂志》社、中华医学会儿科分会急救学组共同开展的“中国儿童感染性疾病防治基层行”启动会于日前在河南郑州隆重举行。该活动旨在联合全国各级儿科、CDC、产科以及社区医院,讨论儿童感染性疾病的诊治和防控,以降低感染性疾病对儿童的危害,提高我国儿童相关疫苗接种率,实现《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》中提到的“预防为主、防治结合”的战略目标。

当天,河南省儿童医院张迎辉副院长、中华医学会儿科分会急救学组刘春峰教授、河南省疾病预防控制中心赵东阳副主任,中华医学会杂志社金东副社长发表致辞,并与河南省儿童医院黄河湍副院长、中华医学会儿科分会急救学组任晓旭教授共同开启了基层行活动。美国密苏里州The Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kelly Sinclair教授、首都医科大学附属儿童医院重症医学科主任钱素云教授、国家儿童医学中心复旦大学附属儿科医院陆国平教授、首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院曲东教授、河南省疾病预防与控制中心免疫预防与规划所史鲁斌教授、上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院小儿急危重症医学科主任朱晓东教授、河南省儿童医院急重症医学科成怡冰教授等出席了本次活动,并就儿童感染性疾病防治等相关话题进行了深入的探讨与分享。

肺炎球菌成婴幼儿致病重要原因

在儿童感染性疾病中,最常见就是肺炎球菌性疾病。肺炎球菌也称为肺炎链球菌,广泛定植于人类鼻咽部,主要是通过呼吸道飞沫传播,传播形式较为隐匿,婴幼儿是其主要的携带和传播人群。数据显示,在我国5岁以下儿童每年约发生174万例严重肺炎球菌疾病,其中约有3万儿童因此而失去生命。

金东社长着重强调了肺炎链球菌性疾病的危害并指出:“儿童肺炎中,肺炎球菌是主要致病菌,约一半严重的儿童肺炎由肺炎球菌引起,1岁以下更是感染肺炎球菌的高风险期。当宝宝抵抗力下降时,肺炎球菌便伺机入侵身体各个部位,除了引起肺炎外,还会引起中耳炎、鼻窦炎、脑膜炎、菌血症等,而且肺炎球菌性脑膜炎引起后遗症的比例高,严重威胁儿童健康和生命。肺炎球菌性疾病已成为全球严重的公共卫生问题,儿童健康与国家发展息息相关,要坚持预防为主,防治结合,提升预防诊疗水平,为健康中国2030的长远规划贡献力量。”

曲东教授就肺炎链球菌的特点、肺炎链球菌性疾病及其防治进行了详细讲解,并结合临床中的侵袭性脑部感染病例,强调严重感染后在治疗和抗生素使用面临的临床难题,同时表示:“低龄、基础疾病、病毒感染后是侵袭性肺炎链球菌性疾病的高危因素。一旦感染肺炎球菌疾病,宝宝要经受长期痛苦的治疗过程,还会给整个家庭带来沉重的疾病和经济负担。接种疫苗能取得良好的疾病预防效果,高疫苗接种率和疾病教育的推广,可以大大降低肺炎球菌疾病负担,从而更好地造福社会。”

预防接种为宝宝构建免疫屏障

目前,抗生素仍是治疗肺炎球菌性疾病的主要方法。但由于肺炎球菌的耐药性问题日益严重,该病在临床治疗上面临巨大挑战。谈及严重细菌感染抗菌药物的合理应用,朱晓东教授表示:“通过治疗包括由肺炎链球菌引起的侵袭性疾病在内的严重细菌感染儿童,发现抗菌药物的不合理性使用,导致的细菌耐药性不仅会对用药个体造成不良影响,对整个社会群体也会带来不良影响。为此呼吁,抗感染药物的使用必须遵循临床诊疗的基本原理与规范,细菌感染领域才能大步前行。”

鉴于肺炎球菌疾病的严重性,世界卫生组织(WHO)已将肺炎球菌相关疾病列为需“极高度优先”使用疫苗预防的疾病。赵东阳主任表示:“疾病预防仍然是当今医疗环境的重中之重,提高感染性疾病如肺炎链球菌疾病的认识,及早进行预防接种,为宝宝构建起免疫屏障,让宝宝获得抵抗肺炎球菌的免疫力,帮助更多儿童远离肺炎球菌性疾病。”

刘春峰教授表示:“儿科感染性疾病仍然是儿童死亡最主要的原因之一,尤其是肺炎链球菌性疾病。作为医生要树立预防大于治疗的观念,积极参与疾病宣传教育工作,敦促家长为孩子采取主动的预防措施,提高疫苗接种率,降低病死率。希望通过开展基层活动,提升基层医生急诊急救知识与技能,更好为广大患者服务。”

据悉,“中国儿童感染性疾病防治基层行”项目会在全国陆续开展各种形式的基层行活动,多学科合作共同推动感染性疾病的防控,让家长们充分认识到肺炎球菌疾病等感染性疾病的危害以及预防接种的重要性,尽早预约接种,助力健康中国战略目标的实现。

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