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PRS:仅用皮瓣重建乳房的新技术!双侧叠加式皮瓣乳房再造的早期经验

2021-03-17 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

这项技术解决了重建时所需额外皮肤的需求,以帮助创建更自然的上睑下垂和额外体积的乳房包膜,以帮助创建适合身体的乳房大小,同时避免连续的脂肪移植。

这项技术解决了对重建时所需额外皮肤的需求,以帮助创建更自然的乳房下垂形态和额外体积的乳房包膜,以帮助创建适合身体的乳房丘,同时避免连续的脂肪移植。

近年来,随着显微外科技术的进步、可供选择的穿支皮瓣经验的增加以及联合手术的使用,使用四个皮瓣重建双乳房(双侧叠加式皮瓣)已成为可行的方法。这篇文章描述了双侧叠加式皮瓣乳房再造的早期经验。

从2014年1月至2018年10月,共计50例双侧叠加式皮瓣手术。所有重建均以延迟方式进行,平均手术时间为10h。大多数乳房(94%)采用腹壁深下穿支皮瓣联合深动脉穿支皮瓣再造。大多数(91.5%)皮瓣直接与内乳房血管吻合。两个皮瓣中较大的一个通常位于下方(66%),但有显著的嵌入性差异。

所有双侧叠加式皮瓣乳房再造均由两名联合外科医生完成。值得注意的是,单靠一名外科医生在合理的时间内进行这项手术可能是不可行的。手术包括从大腿切取双侧DIEP和/或保留肌肉的TRAM皮瓣和双侧深动脉穿支皮瓣。通常情况下,一名外科医生会先准备作乳房囊腔,显露一侧的乳房内血管(通常是先暴露左侧),而第二名外科医生会开始腹部皮瓣的解剖。通常在30到45分钟内完成乳房囊腔和血管准备。一旦完成,就可以开始同时剥离深动脉穿支皮瓣。通常,双侧乳房的DIEP和深动脉穿支皮瓣均在显微手术前准备好。值得注意的是,研究者已经观察到,椭圆形的深动脉穿支皮瓣可以用来重建乳房的下极吊带;然而,同样地,它也可以用来提供上极饱满,当斜面时,它可以很好地渐变到天然胸壁上。

DIEP和深动脉穿支皮瓣通常需要深度缝合,以减少两皮瓣之间可触及的裂隙的机会。皮肤深度皮质化的数量差异很大,取决于几个因素,包括放射性皮肤损伤的程度和需要切除的本地皮肤,是否有预先的包膜扩张,以及重建的目标。

双侧堆叠式皮瓣乳房再造的一个优点是,除了体积之外,可以转移更多的皮肤到胸部,从而更好地重塑乳房自然的下垂形态。此外,它还允许放置额外的加温装置,以帮助患者调节体温。除了新重建的乳房切口用Xeroform包扎外,所有切口通常都用氰基丙烯酸酯皮肤粘合剂包扎,并预防性涂抹抗生素软膏。

200个皮瓣中有5个皮瓣丢失(2.5%)。

与皮瓣相关的问题需要收回七次,其中包括两次阴性探查和一次皮瓣抢救。最常见的非皮瓣相关并发症是大腿伤口(总共17处,8处需要手术)

作者的早期经验表明早期的双侧堆叠式皮瓣乳房重建术的经验表明,这是一种高度专业化的手术,可能适合那些希望避免植入物且在供体腹部组织最少的情况下寻求乳房重建术的年轻患者双侧叠加式皮瓣乳房重建术是一种有效的工具,可以在可接受的显微手术风险和可接受的并发症情况下进行在每个再造乳房中使用的多个穿支瓣可以转移额外的体积和皮肤,在单个阶段创造出美观的自然下垂的乳房形状

更多的研究将需要更好地理解,特别是与替代方法相比,降低了二次皮瓣流入灌注压力和减少成本。随着经验的增加,可以结合各种其他供区部位,以适应患者独特的身体习惯。

此外,对于供体部位有不同的选择。可以采用一种创新的方法,不仅根据患者的具体情况选择理想的穿支皮瓣,而且还能尝试降低供体部位的发病率。这是为了改善乳房和整个躯干的整体美容效果。

原始文献:

Haddock Nicholas T,Suszynski Thomas M,Teotia Sumeet S,Consecutive Bilateral Breast Reconstruction Using Stacked Abdominally Based and Posterior Thigh Free Flaps.[J] .Plast Reconstr Surg, 2021, 147: 294-303.

DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000007548

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    2021-08-07 kzlchina
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    2021-03-19 sunylz
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    2021-03-18 妙酒

    挺好的 至少更自然了

    0

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