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Nature:近朱者赤,近癌“者”易“腐败”

2019-08-30 佚名 中国生物技术网

北京时间8月29日,发表在《Nature》上的一项新研究中,来自Frances Crick研究所的研究团队使用其开发的一项旨在研究肿瘤微环境的新技术发现,紧邻肿瘤的健康细胞正变得像干细胞一样,支持着癌细胞生长。


图像显示癌细胞如何影响其周围的细胞。黄色蛋白标记的转移性乳腺癌细胞能够将邻近的健康细胞标记为红色。未触及的健康细胞以白色显示。图像来源:Ilaria Malanchi

北京时间8月29日,发表在《Nature》上的一项新研究中,来自Frances Crick研究所的研究团队使用其开发的一项旨在研究肿瘤微环境的新技术发现,紧邻肿瘤的健康细胞正变得像干细胞一样,支持着癌细胞生长。

已知肿瘤微环境中的各种细胞类型影响癌细胞的行为,包括间质细胞(如激活的成纤维细胞、周细胞和内皮细胞)以及不同类型的炎症细胞。在转移生长的早期阶段,癌细胞会产生一个局部的转移小生境,它不同于正常组织结构,是支持肿瘤转移生长的关键。然而,对转移小生境的细胞组成的详细分析,特别是在早期阶段,由于难以在空间上区分大块组织内的转移小生境细胞而受到限制,因此阻碍了对癌细胞早期定植有反应细胞的识别。

研究负责人、肿瘤-宿主相互作用实验室的Ilaria Malanchi博士说:“我们的新技术能以前所未有的精度研究肿瘤微环境中细胞的变化。这有助于我们了解这些变化与肿瘤生长和转移的关系,以制定更好的治疗策略。”


Ilaria Malanchi

研究发现,肿瘤微环境中的非癌细胞会表现出干细胞样特征,并在实际上支持癌细胞的生长。通过腐蚀“邻居”,癌症改变了其所在的微环境,以支持自身生长。

该团队开发的这项新技术依赖于转移性癌细胞释放的细胞穿透荧光蛋白,该蛋白被邻近的细胞吸收。这些有颜色标记的细胞可以被识别出来,并与尚未接触肿瘤的其他细胞(未标记)进行比较。Ilaria实验室的研究人员用这种方法在小鼠中研究了已经扩散到肺部的乳腺癌周围细胞。来自德国Fritz Lipmann研究所Alessandro Ori实验室的数据证实,标记细胞与未标记细胞产生了不同的蛋白质。


图片来源:Nature

研究人员发现,与肿瘤微环境外的肺细胞不同,标记的肺细胞具有干细胞样特征。当这些来自小鼠的肺细胞在实验室中与肿瘤细胞进行三维培养时,它们能支持肿瘤生长,这表明它们在帮助肿瘤存活和生长。

为了进一步测试干细胞样细胞在肿瘤微环境中的潜力,Ilaria与MRC干细胞研究所的Joo-Hyeon Lee合作,利用这些细胞来生长肺类器官,即“微型肺”。

未标记的健康肺细胞形成了微型肺,大部分由肺泡上皮细胞组成,肺泡是发生气体交换的微小囊泡。相比之下,从肿瘤微环境中提取的标记细胞出人意料地形成了具有更广泛细胞类型的微型肺。


图片来源:Nature

该研究联合通讯作者、英国剑桥大学生理学、发育与神经科学系Joo-Hyeon Lee博士解释说:“令我们惊讶的是,我们发现接受邻近癌细胞蛋白的细胞获得了干细胞样的特征,它们可以改变自己的命运,变成不同的细胞类型。这显示出癌症对邻近细胞的强大影响,使它们很容易发生变化。”

研究人员希望,他们的新方法能被其他科学家采用,以期更深入地了解癌症引发的微环境变化,这些变化有助于癌症生存、扩散和对治疗产生耐药性。

潜在的应用并不局限于癌症,类似的方法还可以让科学家研究体内不同细胞类型之间的相互作用。

原始出处:Luigi Ombrato, Emma Nolan, Ivana Kurelac, et al. Metastatic-niche labelling reveals parenchymal cells with stem features. Ntaure. 28 August 2019 

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    2019-11-10 liye789132251
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    2019-08-30 184****9840

    学习了,谢谢分享。

    0

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    2019-08-30 txqjm

    谢谢了,学习

    0

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癌症复发转移十分凶险,一旦出现,肿瘤的生长速度是非常快的。而我们知道,90%以上的癌症患者其实是死于复发转移。近日,来自加拿大蒙特利尔大学医院研究中心(CRCHUM)的研究人员揪出了卵巢癌转移的“帮凶”——它是一种名为Ran的蛋白质。研究人员证明,如果没有Ran的帮助,卵巢癌细胞不能从癌变部位迁移。

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