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病例分享:吲哚布芬用于房颤卒中合并消化道出血患者抗栓治疗1例

2019-03-27 耿小勇 中华医学信息导报

复杂缺血性心肌病患者PCI术后消化道出血,并伴发房颤、脑栓塞,依据缺血/出血风险评估量表动态调整抗栓方案。应用吲哚布芬+OAC方案短期应用安全过渡后单用吲哚布芬抗栓治疗。兼顾抗血小板、抗凝治疗适应症,患者随访至今未发生缺血/出血并发症。

病例特点介绍

复杂缺血性心肌病患者PCI术后消化道出血,并伴发房颤、脑栓塞,依据缺血/出血风险评估量表动态调整抗栓方案。应用吲哚布芬+OAC方案短期应用安全过渡后单用吲哚布芬抗栓治疗。兼顾抗血小板、抗凝治疗适应症,患者随访至今未发生缺血/出血并发症。

病史资料

患者:男性,62岁,85  kg。

就诊时间: 2017年5月16日(第一次入院)。

患者主诉:主因间断胸闷3年,加重伴心悸、喘憋3天入院。

现病史:3年来活动后出现胸闷,持续数分钟至十余分钟不等,未予正规诊治,今日上述症状发作频繁,3天来加重,休息中亦有发作伴心悸喘憋,休息或含服硝酸甘油后稍好转,持续半小时至数小时。

危险因素:高血压病史20余年,最高180/100 mmHg,间断服药治疗,平素血压波动于150/90 mmHg左右;吸烟史40年,2型糖尿病20余年,未正规用药及监测血糖。

体格检查:神清语利,BP 155/95 mmHg,双肺呼吸音稍低,双下肺可闻及湿罗音,心界左侧扩大,HR 90次/分左右,心律齐,心音低钝,双下肢轻度指凹性水肿。

初步诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、急性冠脉综合征、Killip Ⅱ级;高血压病3级 ,极高危;2型糖尿病

出血风险评估(Crusade评分):

缺血风险评估:

低危 ≤99,高危 100-200,极高危≥201

初步治疗方案

(1)早期侵入策略

(2)择期完全血运重建

药物治疗:

·阿司匹林 300mg-100mg qd

·替格瑞洛 180mg-90mg  Bid

·阿托伐他汀钙片20 mg qd

·坎地沙坦酯片8 mg  qd

·氨氯地平  5 mg qd

·呋塞米 20 mg  qd

·螺内酯 20 mg  qd

·生物合成人胰岛素皮下注射

出院带药:

·阿司匹林100 mg qd

·替格瑞洛90 mg  Bid

·阿托伐他汀钙片20 mg qd

·坎地沙坦酯片8 mg  qd

·氨氯地平  5 mg qd

·呋塞米 20 mg  qd

·螺内酯 20 mg  qd

·生物合成人胰岛素皮下注射

第二次入院

就诊时间: 2017年8月20日

患者主诉:主因心悸、乏力一周。

体格检查:神清语利,贫血貌,BP 110/95 mmHg,双肺呼吸音粗,未闻及明显干湿罗音,心界稍左侧扩大,心律齐,心率100次/分左右,心音低钝,双下肢无明显水肿。

Crusade评分:

Grace评分:

低危 ≤99,高危 100-200,极高危≥201

入院诊断:缺血性心肌病 (心力衰竭 心功能Ⅳ级);高血压病3级,极高危 ;2型糖尿病;十二指肠溃疡 (消化道出血 失血性贫血),急性支气管炎。

入院治疗方案:

(1)悬浮红细胞输入纠正贫血

(2)“四联抗HP治疗”

·停用 替格瑞洛 90 mg 2/日

·停用 阿司匹林 100 mg qd

·阿托伐他汀钙片 20 mg qd

·坎地沙坦酯片 8 mg  qd

·氨氯地平  5 mg qd

·生物合成人胰岛素皮下注射

一周后复查血常规:

出院带药:

·氯吡格雷 75 mg qd

·阿托伐他汀钙片 20 mg qd

·坎地沙坦酯片 8 mg  qd

·氨氯地平  5 mg qd

·呋塞米 20 mg bid

·螺内酯 20 mg qd

·雷贝拉唑钠肠溶片 20 mg qd

·生物合成人胰岛素 皮下注射

出院一周后门诊复查便潜血阴性,血红蛋白14g/L,加用阿司匹林 100 mg qd

第三次入院

就诊时间: 2018年2月7日。

患者主诉:主因心悸一周、突发左侧肢体无力、言语不清2小时。

体格检查:神清,言语含糊不清,T 36.7℃ P 150次/分 R 20次/分,BP 144/104 mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心界左侧扩大,心律不齐,心音强弱不定,心室率160 次/分左右,心音低钝,双下肢无明显水肿。

入院诊断:经颅脑CT平扫与DWI检查诊断为急性脑栓塞;缺血性心肌病:心律失常、心房颤动、心力衰竭、心功能Ⅲ级;高血压病3级,极高危;2型糖尿病。

出血/缺血风险评估表

HAS-BLED评分: 8(高危)

CHA2DS2VASc 积分:6 (建议OAC)

入院治疗方案:

·氯吡格雷 75 mg qd

·达比加群酯 110 mg Bid

·阿托伐他汀钙片 20 mg qd

·坎地沙坦酯片8 mg  qd

·氨氯地平  5 mg qd

·呋塞米 20 mg Bid

·螺内酯 20 mg qd

·生物合成人胰岛素,皮下注射

住院两周左侧肢体肌力恢复尚可,好转出院

PCI术后12个月复查后调整治疗方案:

·达比加群酯 110 mg Bid

·阿托伐他汀钙片 20 mg qd

·坎地沙坦酯片 8 mg  qd

·氨氯地平  5 mg qd

·呋塞米 20 mg  Bid

·螺内酯 20 mg  qd

·生物合成人胰岛素 皮下注射

第四次入院

就诊时间: 2018年8月16日

患者主诉:乏力、心悸伴黑便3天入院。

体格检查:神清语利,BP 110/70 mmHg,双肺呼吸音稍低,双下肺可闻及湿罗音,心界左侧扩大,HR 90次/分左右,心律不齐,心音低钝,强弱不定,双下肢轻度指凹性水肿。

入院诊断:缺血性心肌病(心律失常 心房颤动,心力衰竭 心功能Ⅲ级);消化道出血;高血压病3级,极高危;2型糖尿病。

调整治疗方案:

·停用达比加群酯   110 mg Bid

·坎地沙坦酯片 8 mg  qd

·氨氯地平  5 mg qd

·雷贝拉唑钠   80 mg iv qd

·生物合成人胰岛素 皮下注射

·压积红 2 u iv

·监测便潜血 血常规 生命体征

变更用药方案及随访:

·吲哚布芬片   50mg Bid

·坎地沙坦酯片 8mg  qd

·氨氯地平  5 mg qd

·呋塞米 20mg bid

·螺内酯 20mg qd

·生物合成人胰岛素 皮下注射

·监测便潜血 血常规 生命体征

一周后出院:

·吲哚布芬片  100mg Bid

·坎地沙坦酯片 8mg  qd

·氨氯地平  5 mg qd

·呋塞米 20mg bid

·螺内酯 20mg qd

·生物合成人胰岛素 皮下注射

本例患者单用达比加群治疗仍再发消化道出血,进一步抗栓选择选用吲哚布芬后病情稳定,随访未再发缺血/出血事件。

一周后病情稳定,复查血常规(如下图)

随访情况(出院四周)

临床启发

冠心病为常见多发病,抗血小板治疗为冠心病为常规治疗方案,目前主要用药为阿司匹林氯吡格雷,但因其肠道损伤不良反应,在一些特殊人群中应用受限, 临床治疗过程中应根据患者个体情况选择最佳抗栓策略及用药,并根据病情变化及时调整治疗方案,平衡缺血/出血风险,改善患者预后。

吲哚布芬可以通过多途径抑制血小板血小板聚集,并具有一定的抗凝作用,对动脉及静脉血栓形成均有有效抑制作用。同时无阿司匹林非甾体抗炎药肠道刺激作用,更少的不良反应,对于动脉硬化相关心脑血管、外周动脉疾病以及下肢静脉血栓形成具有很好适应症。

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    2019-03-27 12453183m60暂无昵称

    很受用,谢谢!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1464610, encodeId=1f111464610d6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32e765e6591' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消化道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65765, encryptionId=32e765e6591, topicName=消化道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7b6e6676048, createdName=changhe715, createdTime=Thu Mar 28 15:20:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=363670, encodeId=a8d93636e0b6, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Mar 28 05:07:12 CST 2019, time=2019-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=363624, encodeId=35033636244e, content=很受用,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=72782478810, createdName=12453183m60暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Mar 27 11:19:45 CST 2019, time=2019-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=363612, encodeId=2e66363612c7, content=学习了很有用不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Wed Mar 27 08:05:31 CST 2019, time=2019-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=363609, encodeId=00603636090e, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRkia1DP5MpwEgtXo1XhXA11xD6MWKxunAZFXKSNic0fWHUQx83oNHPlRMxxIctM83QKeCLkJpMibibiaC/0, createdBy=7e581734408, createdName=深海的鱼, createdTime=Wed Mar 27 06:39:35 CST 2019, time=2019-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1026326, encodeId=6de61026326ac, content=卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=健健, createdTime=Wed Mar 27 03:20:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-03-27 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0

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    2019-03-27 深海的鱼

    学习学习学习

    0

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    2019-03-27 健健

    卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!

    0

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