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儿童巨大多形性黄色星形细胞瘤伴空蝶鞍综合征一例

2019-04-16 李强 鞠延 徐建国 华西医学

患儿,男,11岁。因“生长发育迟滞和偶发头痛5年”于2016年12月入院。自6岁起,患儿身材较同龄人矮小,发育迟缓,头痛无明显诱因,每个月发作1~2次,痛时可忍受,休息后缓解,不伴恶心呕吐等,家长未予特殊处理。

患儿,男,11岁。因“生长发育迟滞和偶发头痛5年”于2016年12月入院。自6岁起,患儿身材较同龄人矮小,发育迟缓,头痛无明显诱因,每个月发作1~2次,痛时可忍受,休息后缓解,不伴恶心呕吐等,家长未予特殊处理。
 
入院后行体格检查,患儿身高134.5 cm,外生殖器呈幼儿样;意识清醒,语言流利,左侧周围性面瘫,左眼视力仅数指,双颞侧视野偏盲,双侧瞳孔等大等圆,直径3mm,对光反射灵敏;右侧上肢肌力2级,下肢3级,肌张力增高,病理征阳性;左侧肢体肌力5级,肌张力正常,病理征阴性。患儿智力下降,威氏量表智商75。术前检查发现患儿垂体全系激素下降(表1)。
 
表1 患儿激素水平 



入院后行头部三维增强MRI显示,左侧颞顶叶巨大占位,中线明显右偏,左侧侧脑室受压,病变呈囊实性强化明显,累及颞顶叶内侧、中脑、脑干和鞍区,蝶鞍呈空泡样(图1),左侧颅骨挤压变形,瘤内钙化(图2a、2b)。入院后经术前准备,患儿在全身麻醉下行左侧颞顶瓣开颅肿瘤切除术。术中发现,肿瘤呈粉红烂肉样,间伴灰白色组分,质地较韧,血供丰富,肿瘤侵袭前中后颅窝硬膜,将垂体柄推向右侧,垂体组织菲薄半透明。术中冰冻切片提示纤维型脑膜瘤可能。术后CT可见肿瘤大部分切除(图2c、2d)。
 

图1 术前MRI表现a~d.三维增强MRI显示肿瘤侵犯前中后颅窝,强化明显;e、f.三维增强MRI显示空蝶鞍表现
 

图2 术前术后CT检查a.颅骨被肿瘤挤压变形;b.左侧颞骨被肿瘤侵袭变薄;c.术后额叶和颞叶回位,颅内高压解除;d.术后存在硬膜下积液
 
术后石蜡切片苏木精-伊红(hematoxylineosin,HE)染色病理检查确诊肿瘤为多形性黄色星形细胞瘤(pleomorphicxanthoastrocytoma,PXA),见图3。
 

图3 肿瘤石蜡切片病理检查图像a.肿瘤组织中存在嗜酸体(HE×200);b.淋巴细胞浸润,肿瘤细胞呈多形性(HE×200);c.肿瘤中多核巨细胞(HE×200);d.肿瘤细胞纤维和脂肪化表现(HE×400)
 
患儿术后康复顺利,食欲精神状态正常,未给予激素替代治疗,术后1周予以出院,出院时右侧上肢肌力1级,右侧下肢肌力2级。出院后患儿于当地常规放射治疗。术后1年门诊随访,患儿身高比术前增高6.5 cm。左侧面瘫仍存在,但较术前减轻,左眼视力改善为0.3。右眼视野缺损恢复正常,左眼视野缺损范围缩小。患儿生活能够自理,右上肢肌力3级,右下肢肌力5级。复查CT显示肿瘤未复发,垂体激素水平正常(表1),外生殖器生长。同时患儿智力明显改善,威氏量表智商91,在校正常学习。
 
原始出处:

李强,鞠延,徐建国.儿童巨大多形性黄色星形细胞瘤伴空蝶鞍综合征一例[J].华西医学,2018(04):473-475.

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