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李健教授:胃肠道间质瘤研究现状与未来发展方向

2018-06-19 佚名 ioncology

2018年6月8-10日,北京消化肿瘤国际高峰论坛暨中国胃肠肿瘤临床研究协作组在北京隆重召开,本次会议围绕消化系统肿瘤精准临床和转化研究进行了深入探讨,其中胃肠道间质瘤研究现状及最新进展内容丰富,包括辅助药物治疗时机、耐药后治疗方案的选择以及免疫治疗的参与等,引起了与会专家的高度重视。

2018年6月8-10日,北京消化肿瘤国际高峰论坛暨中国胃肠肿瘤临床研究协作组在北京隆重召开,本次会议围绕消化系统肿瘤精准临床和转化研究进行了深入探讨,其中胃肠道间质瘤研究现状及最新进展内容丰富,包括辅助药物治疗时机、耐药后治疗方案的选择以及免疫治疗的参与等,引起了与会专家的高度重视。

ASCO胃肠道间质瘤最新研究进展

BLU-285是目前胃肠道间质瘤领域非常值得期待的药物,尤其是对伊马替尼治疗无效或耐药者,选择该药可以有效控制肿瘤病灶且毒副作用较小,目前仍在进行III期临床试验研究。令人遗憾的是,今年ASCO会议并没有带来更新数据。此外,今年研发的2种新药结果也不尽人意。

然而今年胃肠道间质瘤专场汇报的一篇中国壁报,填补了耐药GIST患者治疗选择的空白。该研究入组全国十几家医疗机构,将耐药后接受减瘤甚至R0切除手术的患者分为两组:一组继续服用伊马替尼,另一组更换为舒尼替尼治疗。结果正如我们所预期,舒尼替尼组能获得更长的肿瘤控制时间。该研究结果提示:提早更换克服耐药的药物可以获得更好的肿瘤控制时间;既往对于减瘤手术的实施存在较大争议,对于比较彻底的减瘤手术联合克服耐药药物,可以起到协同作用。

胃肠道间质瘤是最早做基因分型的肿瘤,对于其他实体瘤在基因分型指导下的个体化治疗有非常重要的借鉴意义。例如,伊马替尼是全球第一例实体瘤TKI辅助治疗药物,它的辅助治疗时间及治疗方式对其他接受TKI治疗的实体瘤起到先驱作用。目前国内外关于伊马替尼治疗时间跨度的选择,有一项3年与6年比较的实验研究。

免疫治疗在胃肠间质瘤中的应用

近年来免疫治疗成为研究热点,在非小细胞肺癌、泌尿系统肿瘤、黑色素瘤、MSI-H的胃癌结直肠癌中都显示明显获益,然而对于胃肠道间质瘤却不够敏感。细胞和动物实验证实,伊马替尼对于免疫活性起正性叠加作用,许多动物模型中也证实伊马替尼联合PD-1单抗能克服伊马替尼耐药,但遗憾的是在I期临床实验上没有达到预期结果。总之,免疫治疗在胃肠道间质瘤治疗中仍任重道远,需要继续探讨两点问题:一、免疫治疗在野生型胃肠道间质瘤的作用;二、突变型胃肠道间质瘤中抗血管生成药物和PD-1单抗联合的作用。

目前新药研究主要针对基因突变耐药情况,而对于缺乏继发基因突变发生耐药的患者还需探索耐药机制。国内做过涵盖AKT等通路方面的研究,但都不能有效转化到临床诊疗中,因此还需要破解更多耐药机制,为后续治疗提供思路。

我国目前胃肠道间质瘤研究开展现状

我国胃肠道间质瘤目前关注的临床和转化研究包括:一项临床多中心初步研究结果显示,伊马替尼和舒尼替尼治疗失败之后选择达沙替尼,患者仍能获得生存获益,数据将在下半年公布;近期将启动一项评估安罗替尼在胃肠道间质瘤二、三线治疗中作用的前瞻性研究;辅助治疗领域正入组一项多中心研究比较5年与3年辅助治疗的疗效差异,争取为全球辅助治疗提供价值。转化研究方面,我们力图构建耐药细胞系模型验证耐药机制,分析肿瘤信号调控通路对肿瘤治疗的影响。

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    2018-06-19 sunfeifeiyang

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研究发现,上消化道超声检查发现的超强化和不均匀强化是胃肠道间质瘤的重要指征,增强谐波超声内镜是一种有效的胃肠道间质瘤检查方法

CLIN CANCER RES:线粒体抑制可以增强伊马替尼效果

伊马替尼可以降低胃肠道间质瘤18F-FDG摄取,为治疗反应提供早期指标。尽管糖内化降低,但是许多胃肠道间质瘤依然存在,表明存在其他代谢通路帮助肿瘤存活。线粒体在伊马替尼治疗的胃肠道间质瘤中的作用尚不清楚。CLIN CANCER RES近期发表了一篇文章研究这一问题。

BJS:胃肠道间质瘤肿瘤破裂的基因型和风险分析!

由此可见,伴有密码子557和558的KIT外显子11缺失的胃GIST肿瘤破裂风险增加。这种高风险特征可以在诊断评估中确定,并且应该包括在考虑新辅助伊马替尼治疗的评估中。

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