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王国强:将健全和完善肝炎防治保障制度

2017-07-26 刘映 新华网

 7月28日是第七个“世界肝炎日”,国家卫生计生委副主任、国家中医药管理局局长王国强在近日举行的“中国肝炎论坛暨2017世界肝炎日宣传大会”上表示,病毒性肝炎是我国重要的公共卫生问题,严重危害人民群众的身体健康。

7月28日是第七个“世界肝炎日”,国家卫生计生委副主任、国家中医药管理局局长王国强在近日举行的“中国肝炎论坛暨2017世界肝炎日宣传大会”上表示,病毒性肝炎是我国重要的公共卫生问题,严重危害人民群众的身体健康。为控制病毒性肝炎的流行,我国实施了“预防接种为主,防治结合”的综合防控策略,并取得显着成效,下一步将健全和完善肝炎防治的保障制度,提高抗病毒药物可及性,减轻患者负担。

甲肝发病率降至历史最低,乙肝儿童感染率显着下降

王国强表示,我国自2007年起,对甲肝疫苗纳入国家免疫规划,对所有适龄儿童进行免费接种,在汶川、玉树、庐山等地震灾区以及新疆、甘肃等重点西部省份,开展了甲肝疫苗的群体性接种。我国甲型肝炎的发病率从1991年的十万分之55.69,降到了2016年的十万分之1.55,已降到历史最低水平。

乙肝儿童感染率也显着下降。自1992年起,我国在新生儿大规模推广乙肝疫苗接种,2002年将乙肝疫苗纳入国家免疫规划,对所有新生儿实施及时接种,接种率一直保持在90%以上。2009年-2011年,我国将15岁以下人群补种乙肝疫苗纳入国家重大公共卫生项目,加速乙肝易感人群的控制进程。自2010年起,实施预防乙肝母婴传播项目,目前已实现预防乙肝母婴传播的全覆盖。2014年乙肝血清流行病学调查显示,全国1-4岁人群和5-14岁人群,乙肝表面抗原流行率分别为0.32%和0.94%,比2006年下降了66.7%和61.2%,提前实现世卫组织西太区提出的5岁以下儿童乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原流行率降到1%以下的国家,因此也被国际专家誉为“21世纪公共卫生领域最重大的成就”之一。

丙肝和戊肝方面,发病情况趋于平稳。王国强表示,2008年,根据传播途径和防控措施相似的特点,我国将丙肝和艾滋病防治进行有机结合,2015年实现血液筛查乙肝病毒和丙肝病毒核苷检测的全覆盖,以确保血液安全。通过综合干预措施,近年来每年报告丙肝病例数维持在20万左右。此外,通过大力开展爱国卫生运动,实施农村饮水安全工程建设和农村改设项目,我国城乡卫生环境面貌明显改善,饮用水卫生质量不断提升,降低了消化道传染病戊肝传播的风险。2012年,我国研发出世界首个戊肝疫苗,目前主要作为二类疫苗,群众自愿自费进行接种。

未来将规范治疗管理,健全和完善肝炎防治保障制度

对于下一步防控重点,王国强表示,将进一步巩固和扩大免疫屏障,全面推进公共卫生服务均等化,加强甲肝和乙型肝炎的疫苗接种管理,确保所有儿童特别是城市流动儿童和农村偏远地区的儿童享有均等机会,接种甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎疫苗,重点做好新生儿乙肝的疫苗接种工作,提高新生儿首期乙肝疫苗24小时内及时的接种率和全程接种率。

同时,还要做好综合管控,强化医源性感染管理。推进临床血液乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒的核苷检测,加强血液安全管理,强化采供血的全程监督和管理,确保血液安全,全面落实预防母婴传播。此外,还将持续减少经饮食、饮水传播,大力开展爱国卫生运动,深入推进城乡环境卫生整治行动,从源头上控制病毒性肝炎经饮食、饮水传播的风险因素。加强对学校及托幼机构饮食和饮水卫生的管理、监督和指导,加强甲肝和戊肝等肠道传染病的监测,及早发现传染源并进行处置。加强传播病毒性肝炎重点人群的防控,开展检测咨询及健康教育等综合干预,进一步扩大借助药物维持治疗的覆盖面、督促加强纹身、纹眉、修脚等行业使用的工具和用品的卫生消毒管理。

在规范治疗管理方面,王国强表示,将加强病毒性肝炎规范化诊疗,逐步扩大抗病毒治疗覆盖面。充分发挥中医药的优势,进一步完善中医临床诊疗方案,加强中西医结合的诊疗工作,提高病毒性肝炎的治疗效果。

此外,还将健全和完善肝炎防治的保障制度。通过完善药品集中采购机制,结合加快药品的注册审批流程、分类采购等办法,切实降低药品价格,提高抗病毒药物可及性,减轻患者负担。随着基本医疗保障制度筹资水平的逐步提高,探索在今后的基本药物目录调整过程中,逐步将更多临床效果明显、群众需求较大、价格适宜的病毒性肝炎药物,纳入基本药物目录。

提高肝炎防治,还需加强健康科普。王国强强调,要针对大众人群广泛宣传病毒性肝炎可防、可治等核心信息,普及防治知识,提高自我保护的能力,减少对病毒性肝炎的恐惧以及对患者的歧视,针对病毒性肝炎重点人群,根据人群特点与免疫接种,疾病危险因素、减少危险行为和定期检测为宣传重点,减少新发感染。针对患者,以早诊早治、科学规范治疗为宣传重点,提高治疗的依从性和治疗效果,延缓疾病进展。

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    2018-07-08 wwzzly
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    2017-07-26 changjiu

    学习了,谢谢

    0

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    2017-07-26 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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    2017-07-26 中医痴

    不错的,学习了,谢谢分享!

    0

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