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中美日学者纵论人工心脏:终末期心衰患者的曙光

2018-08-06 冯春蕾 中国循环杂志

心室辅助装置亦称人工心脏,已成为国际指南推荐的心衰标准化治疗方式之一,为迎接心脏移植争取了宝贵时间,可谓生命之桥。


心室辅助装置亦称人工心脏,已成为国际指南推荐的心衰标准化治疗方式之一,为迎接心脏移植争取了宝贵时间,可谓生命之桥。
 
在心衰与左室辅助会场上,美国杜克大学心外科 Mani Daneshmand 教授介绍,美国杜克大学心脏移植中心,有半数等待心脏移植的患者使用左心室辅助装置桥接。他总结了 HeartMate初代产品在临床实践中遇到的问题,缺血性和出血性卒中是患者死亡的主要原因。而新一代 HeartMate3 左心室辅助装置采用全磁悬浮技术,降低了并发症,改善了患者预后。
 
高动脉性、低剪切率的左室辅助装置 Evaheart(中文名称“永仁心”)的发明者、日本 Kenji Yamazaki 教授介绍,共计 180 位患者植入了永仁心,半数以上维持时间超过 2 年,最长可达 10.5 年。不仅很好地覆盖了心脏移植等待期,更可以作为永久装置长期使用。初代永仁心和 HeartMate3,整体生存率相似。
 
尽管如此,他仍在不断改进工艺,并推出了第二代永仁心装置,更加适配不同室壁厚度的心腔,并有望进一步降低血栓等并发症。
 
2015年起,Kenji Yamazaki教授力主与中国合作进行技术交流。2017年 12 月,永仁心获得了在中国进行临床试验的资格,在国内 3 家单位开展工作。
 
中国医学科学院阜外医院胡盛寿院士介绍 , 虽然我国左室辅助装置起步较晚,但在潜心研发和学术交流的促进下,国产的拥有自主知识产权的左室辅助装置——“同心”采取了当前最先进的全磁悬浮技术,比肩世界一流。
 
该装置已在4例患者中得到应用,这4例患者的转归各不相同:一位半年后过渡到心脏移植,一位维持一年余并有望长期维持,一位心室功能恢复后移除装置,还有一位遗憾死于感染等并发症。
 
胡院士指出,无论是成功的案例还是并发症的出现,都是宝贵经验的积累,持续推动该领域的发展。
 
广东省人民医院心外科黄焕雷医师介绍了国产罗叶泵用于小儿心室辅助装置的研制经验。因小儿解剖的特殊性,左心室辅助装置总体效果不如成人,并发症较多,亟待突破,是国内外专家攻坚的方向。
 
总之,随着研究的持续深入和技术的不断创新,曾经剥夺了很多人生存希望的终末期心衰迎来了曙光。以左心室辅助装置为代表的终末期心衰的新的治疗方式,还会继续发展和创新。

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    2019-01-04 yangpeizhi
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    2018-08-06 15991890016白熊

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