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eLife:丙型肝炎动物模型的研究进展

2019-05-28 佚名 生物通

肝细胞蛋白的微小差异对小鼠和人类丙型肝炎病毒复制有显著影响,这些发现可能有助于建立小鼠感染模型。该报告由普林斯顿大学的研究人员领导,发表在《eLife》杂志上。

小突变对小鼠丙型肝炎病毒复制有显著影响。



肝细胞蛋白的微小差异对小鼠和人类丙型肝炎病毒复制有显著影响,这些发现可能有助于建立小鼠感染模型。该报告由普林斯顿大学的研究人员领导,发表在《eLife》杂志上。

全世界有超过7000万人长期感染丙型肝炎病毒(HCV),这使他们很可能患上肝癌或肝硬化。目前还没有预防感染的疫苗,主要是因为这种病毒只会自然感染人类和黑猩猩,实验室研究困难。

分子生物学副教授Alexander Ploss实验室的研究生Jenna Gaska说:“我们想更好地了解,丙型肝炎病毒在动物身上复制需要什么,这些知识可以帮助开发出改进的动物模型,帮助我们研究病毒并开发出一种疫苗。”

如果通过基因工程使老鼠产生人类蛋白质,使病毒进入肝细胞,那么它们可能会感染丙型肝炎病毒。然而,实际情况是,一旦进入体内,丙型肝炎病毒就不能复制,除非它的基因组被改变或者小鼠的免疫系统被抑制。

在目前的研究中,Gaska和他的同事们研究了动物的抗感染性是否是由一种叫做亲环蛋白A(cyclophilin A)的蛋白质引起的,在人类中这种蛋白质是HCV在宿主肝细胞内复制所必需的。研究人员发现,老鼠版本比人类版本在促进病毒复制方面效率要低得多。

研究人员通过将老鼠版本变异得更像人类亲环蛋白A,显著提高了其在人类细胞中工作的能力。现在,通过这些微小的变化,老鼠亲环蛋白A可以促进病毒复制,其水平与人类亲环蛋白A相当。

Gaska说:“当我们把这种‘人源化’的老鼠亲环蛋白A注入肝癌细胞,我们发现通常不复制的丙型肝炎病毒,病毒复制增加。”

Gaska和他的同事还测试了不同版本的亲环蛋白A在鼠肝细胞中的含量,这些细胞中含有进入和复制HCV所需的几种其他蛋白质。尽管人类亲环蛋白A和其中一个突变体的添加对复制的影响最大,但其水平仍远远低于人类细胞中的水平。这表明,仍然需要额外的元素来允许丙型肝炎病毒在鼠细胞内以及最终在活鼠体内大量复制。

“找到所有元素将是我们未来工作的主题,我们希望将拓展研究丙型肝炎病毒和开发有效疫苗的免疫小鼠模型,”该研究的通讯作者Ploss说。

德国TWINCORE实验和临床感染研究中心教授Thomas Pietschmann说:“这真的是一项非常有趣和令人兴奋的研究,也是开发一种可驯服的HCV小动物模型的重要一步。有意思的是,人类亲环蛋白也能增强丙型肝炎病毒在原代肝细胞中的感染和复制,当然,最终也会增强其在体内的复制。此外,这些发现为深入研究亲环蛋白A对丙型肝炎病毒依赖性的分子机制提供了新的机会。”

原始出处:Gaska JM, Balev M, Ding Q, et al. Differences across cyclophilin A orthologs contribute to the host range restriction of hepatitis C virus. Elife. 2019 May 10;8. 

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    2020-01-17 膀胱癌
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    2019-11-23 智智灵药
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    2019-05-28 CHANGE

    梅斯里提供了很多疾病的模型计算公式,赞一个!

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