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Sci Transl Me:穿越!降糖靶点SGLT2竟然可以辅助肺腺癌早检,获批降糖药有望用于治疗

2018-11-16 奇点糕 奇点网

现在癌症已经不是印象中的必死Flag了,只要发现得足够早、接受合理治疗,完全康复的机会是很大的,像肺癌,常规体检拍CT就能发现。不过这仅限于已经有一定规模的肿瘤,早期检测还是有点无力。

现在癌症已经不是印象中的必死Flag了,只要发现得足够早、接受合理治疗,完全康复的机会是很大的,像肺癌,常规体检拍CT就能发现。不过这仅限于已经有一定规模的肿瘤,早期检测还是有点无力。

比如,问题来了,抄起这张胸片,你看这个肺结节,它到底是恶性还是良性呢?

今日《科学转化医学》杂志上发表了一项来自加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究成果,科学家发现已被广泛应用的降糖靶点SGLT2蛋白竟是肺腺癌早期发展的一大助力,结合新型显影剂可实现ⅠA期检测,已获批的格列净类药物更是可以控制早期肿瘤生长、延长小鼠生存期!

检测+治疗,双管齐下!


通讯作者Claudio Scafoglio和David Shackelford

肺癌目前仍旧是全球癌症第一杀手,如果能够做好早期检测,肺癌的杀伤力就会大减,局限性肺癌患者五年生存率能有55.6%,但若是等到转移才发现就只有4.5%了。但现在的早检手段显然是不足的,根据NIH的数据,只有16%的新诊断肺癌患者是局限性肿瘤,其他或多或少都已扩散到了淋巴结或更远的转移灶。

肺癌早检难在哪里?肺癌中绝大多数是非小细胞肺癌,最常见的两种亚型是鳞状细胞癌(SqCC)和肺腺癌(LADC)。前者尚且还好,因为它的发生位置用支气管镜就可以触及,对癌前病变的研究已经很多了;后者就藏得太深,目前已知的癌前病变只有一种,非典型腺瘤性增生(AHH)。

AHH倒是可以用高分辨率CT解决,但是在片子上看起来就是个毛玻璃结节(GGN),这也分不出来它是个炎症还是块出血啊?

医生很聪明,你癌细胞不是疯狂长大使劲儿吃糖吗,就盯准了你对葡萄糖高需求这一点,癌细胞上的葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUT)也往往过表达,来个PET真不怕你不现原型!

怪事就出在这了,虽然FDG PET是肺癌分期的标准工具,但是它就是对癌前病变结节和早期肿瘤不敏感,科学家只能想,可能肿瘤还小的时候吃得少吧。

Nonono,真相没这么简单。人体中能够转运葡萄糖的蛋白不止GLUT这一类,还有大家颇为熟悉的钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白(SGLT),也就是那些叫格列净的降糖药们的靶点。本项研究的作者们此前也发现,在人类的前列腺癌、胰腺癌中都有SGLT2表达的情况。

那FDG PET不敏感也就有道理了,毕竟FDG是GLUT的底物,它和SGLT不来电嘛[11]。所以肿瘤还小的时候GLUT没来是SGLT在干活?



为了证实SGLT-2也有掺和,研究者们对58份不同分期的人类肺腺癌组织样本进行了免疫组化分析,看看在癌症不同阶段SGLT2和GLUT1都是什么角色。

在分化程度较高的肺腺癌样本中,SGLT2表达较高,在那些分化程度较低、晚期癌组织中SGLT2水平就比较低了,与之相反,GLUT1反倒是在低分化组织中水平更高;同时,在不同分期的癌组织中差异也很显着,ⅠA期SGLT2明显更多、GLUT1更少。

研究者还特别检查了癌前病变组织,发现SGLT2只在癌前病变中存在,正常肺泡组织里是不表达的,GLUT1则是两者均有。



分化程度越高,SGLT2水平越高,GLUT1水平越低

研究者在诱导肺腺癌的小鼠模型中进行了连续检测。诱导第二周,小鼠开始出现癌前病变;第五周,出现小腺癌组织;第八周,癌症进入晚期。果然,这个过程中SGLT2水平不断下降,GLUT1则此消彼长地升高了。

从这些结果来看,SGLT2主要在癌前病变、癌症早期和高度分化的肺腺癌中表达,随着癌症进展,作用就逐渐被GLUT1取代了。



这下好办了,早期肺腺癌,咱们瞄准SGLT2就行了!好在GLUT1和SGLT2转运葡萄糖是完全不同的机制,FDG不会结合SGLT2,另一种新显影剂Me4FDG则只爱SGLT2不理GLUT。

而且SGLT2在癌前和早期占主导地位,说不准SGLT2抑制剂能起到抗癌作用!

药物上研究者选择了已被FDA批准用于治疗糖尿病的坎格列净,在诱导小鼠出现癌前病变后给药。坎格列净明显能够抑制肺腺癌进展,小鼠的生存期也有了一定的延长。药物在移植人类肿瘤的小鼠身上效果也不错,治疗组的肿瘤体积比对照组小47%。


坎格列净显着延缓了肿瘤进展


生存延长

不过坎格列净功力有限,最终还是没能完全控制住局势,治疗组也长出了大肿瘤。研究者分析了两组的肿瘤样本,发现治疗组中SGLT2染色阳性值达到了30%,但是对照组只有17%,这可能是肿瘤的一种代偿性高表达,也说明SGLT2在癌早期确实有关键作用。

至于为什么肿瘤会逐渐转向GLUT1,研究者也给出了合理的猜测。当肿瘤越长越大,环境中氧需求压力也会越来越大,缺氧诱导因子1α会上调GLUT1的表达[40],这时肿瘤想选SGLT2也有心无力了。

说实话奇点糕觉得SGLT2的治疗效果挺一般的,不过它更大的意义在于能够实现对癌前病变的诊断、监视以及对疾病进展的预测,研究者也认为,SGLT2抑制剂在预防恶性进展上还是有一定潜力的。

研究者提出,这项研究还有一些不足,比如样本主要来自手术切除,一方面量不大,另一方面晚期组织也比早期的少得多,在确认SGLT2水平与分期的关系上可能不是很足够。另外,机制上没有做条件敲除,没法证明SGLT2 抑制剂的抗癌作用是否与血糖的下降有关。

研究者们下一步准备边完善机制边开展临床。虽然被谭老师吐槽谁闲着没事做PET这么贵,但是说不准过几年就变便宜了呀,新技术,赶紧来~

原始出处:Claudio R. Scafoglio, Brendon Villegas, Gihad Abdelhady, et al. Sodium-glucose transporter 2 is a diagnostic and therapeutic target for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Transl Med. 14 Nov 2018

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    2019-01-10 bsmagic9140
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    2019-10-30 tulenzi
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657097, encodeId=e887165e0971d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Thu Jan 10 21:29:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067394, encodeId=ce25206e3949a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0841e75535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Transl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17755, encryptionId=d0841e75535, topicName=Transl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101173734/363C99735735B7F4CB11D5F78F580525/100, createdBy=aab22500211, createdName=ms3025846204744509, createdTime=Mon Dec 31 04:29:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1793816, encodeId=a92d1e938162d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a3f1621e7d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SGLT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16217, encryptionId=5a3f1621e7d, topicName=SGLT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=54f9127, createdName=tulenzi, createdTime=Wed Oct 30 20:29:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1270898, encodeId=54da12e0898a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4066981e99e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降糖药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98179, encryptionId=4066981e99e, topicName=降糖药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Sat Nov 17 17:29:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1503776, encodeId=b9411503e7686, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=60b916226e1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SGLT2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16226, encryptionId=60b916226e1, topicName=SGLT2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3afa9693555, createdName=jiekemin, createdTime=Sat Nov 17 17:29:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=352744, encodeId=7611352e4458, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Fri Nov 16 09:53:14 CST 2018, time=2018-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2018-11-17 jiekemin
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657097, encodeId=e887165e0971d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Thu Jan 10 21:29:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067394, encodeId=ce25206e3949a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0841e75535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Transl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17755, encryptionId=d0841e75535, topicName=Transl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101173734/363C99735735B7F4CB11D5F78F580525/100, createdBy=aab22500211, createdName=ms3025846204744509, createdTime=Mon Dec 31 04:29:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1793816, encodeId=a92d1e938162d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a3f1621e7d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SGLT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16217, encryptionId=5a3f1621e7d, topicName=SGLT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=54f9127, createdName=tulenzi, createdTime=Wed Oct 30 20:29:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1270898, encodeId=54da12e0898a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4066981e99e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降糖药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98179, encryptionId=4066981e99e, topicName=降糖药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Sat Nov 17 17:29:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1503776, encodeId=b9411503e7686, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=60b916226e1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SGLT2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16226, encryptionId=60b916226e1, topicName=SGLT2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3afa9693555, createdName=jiekemin, createdTime=Sat Nov 17 17:29:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=352744, encodeId=7611352e4458, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Fri Nov 16 09:53:14 CST 2018, time=2018-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-16 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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