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阜外医院慕朝伟等报告,慢性闭塞病变介入成功,可减少再次血运重建

2020-01-10 循环 中国循环杂志

阜外医院慕朝伟、王昊等人开展的一项研究显示,冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变介入治疗成功可以减少远期主要不良心血管事件的发生,主要是减少患者再次血运重建的需求,全因死亡、心肌梗死的发生风险并未降低。该研究纳入于2013 年1 月至2013 年12 月在阜外医院行介入治疗的冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变患者1 363 例,其中1090例介入治疗成功,273例介入治疗失败。结果显示,在平均29 个月的随访期内,介入

阜外医院慕朝伟、王昊等人开展的一项研究显示,冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变介入治疗成功可以减少远期主要不良心血管事件的发生,主要是减少患者再次血运重建的需求,全因死亡、心肌梗死的发生风险并未降低。

该研究纳入于2013 年1 月至2013 年12 月在阜外医院行介入治疗的冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变患者1 363 例,其中1090例介入治疗成功,273例介入治疗失败。

结果显示,在平均29 个月的随访期内,介入治疗成功的患者中主要不良心血管事件(14.6% vs 23.1%)、再次血运重建(12.0% vs 22.3%)的发生率明显低于介入治疗失败者

全因死亡(2.3% vs 0.7%,P =0.112)和心肌梗死(1.3% vs 1.1%,P =0.796)的发生率无差别。

多因素Cox 分析显示,在排除其他影响因素的情况下,慢性完全闭塞病变介入治疗成功可将术后主要不良心血管事件发生风险降低34%。

研究者发现,不同位置的病变从介入治疗成功中的获益存在差异。当靶病变为左前降支或右冠状动脉时,介入治疗成功可显着减少主要不良心血管事件。但当靶病变为左回旋支时,介入治疗成功的患者以及介入治疗失败的患者中主要不良心血管事件的发生率相当。

与介入治疗成功的患者相比,介入治疗失败的患者中吸烟(68.1% vs 60.6%)、既往介入冠脉介入治疗(28.2% vs 22.2%)的患者比例更高,右冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变更常见(57.1% vs 44.0%),迂曲病变(70.7% vs 60.9%)和中、重度钙化病变(30.0% vs 21.2%)所占的比例更高。

研究者表示,该研究中介入治疗失败患者中22.3% 在随访期间需要再次血运重建,其中部分患者接受心脏大桥手术。

在慢性完全闭塞病变患者中,冠脉介入治疗成功未能改善硬终点,包括全因死亡和心肌梗死的发生率。其原因可能包括:

(1)介入治疗失败后部分患者接受择期心脏搭桥手术或再次尝试冠脉介入治疗成功,最终完成血运重建,因此将这部分患者归入介入治疗失败组会低估首次冠脉介入治疗成功的远期获益。

(2)本研究在行介入治疗前并未对患者进行心肌核素显像或心脏核磁等检查以评估心肌缺血范围及存活心肌情况,而闭塞血管供血区域的缺血程度及存活心肌情况可能直接影响血管开通后患者的获益。

(3)本研究全因死亡和心肌梗死的事件发生率偏低,可能需要更大的样本量来比较远期生存率。

来源:王昊,慕朝伟,丰雷,等. 冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变介入治疗成功与否对患者预后影响的研究. 中国循环杂志, 2019, 34: 1158-1163.

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