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重庆首次开展医疗处方集中点评了

2017-10-20 徐毓才 “医学界”微信号

据重庆日报10月19日报道,重庆首次开展医疗处方集中点评,覆盖所有二级以上医疗机构。这条新闻之所以能够成为新闻,其关键点在于“集中点评”和“首次”。为什么这两点又会成为“新闻眼”呢,且听笔者一一道来。处方点评应该由医疗机构自己做处方点评是《处方管理办法》的要求。2007年2月,原卫生部发布了《处方管理办法》,自2007年5月1日起施行。《处方管理办法》第四十四条规定,医疗机构应当建立处方点评制

据重庆日报10月19日报道,重庆首次开展医疗处方集中点评,覆盖所有二级以上医疗机构。这条新闻之所以能够成为新闻,其关键点在于“集中点评”和“首次”。为什么这两点又会成为“新闻眼”呢,且听笔者一一道来。

处方点评应该由医疗机构自己做

处方点评是《处方管理办法》的要求。2007年2月,原卫生部发布了《处方管理办法》,自2007年5月1日起施行。《处方管理办法》第四十四条规定,医疗机构应当建立处方点评制度,对处方实施动态监测及超常预警,登记并通报不合理处方,对不合理用药及时予以干预。

第四十五条规定,医疗机构应当对出现超常处方3次以上且无正当理由的医师提出警告,限制其处方权;限制处方权后,仍连续2次以上出现超常处方且无正当理由的,取消其处方权。

由此可见,处方点评这档子事主要是医疗机构的分内工作,而卫生行政部门并不直接参与,只负责监督管理。这一点2010年2月原卫生部印发的《医院处方点评管理规范(试行)》第二十四、二十五、二十六、二十七条有明确规定,即:各级卫生行政部门应当加强对辖区内医院处方点评工作的监督管理,对不按规定开展处方点评工作的医院应当责令改正。卫生行政部门和医院应当对开具不合理处方的医师,采取教育培训、批评等措施;对于开具超常处方的医师按照《处方管理办法》的规定予以处理;一个考核周期内5次以上开具不合理处方的医师,应当认定为医师定期考核不合格,离岗参加培训;对患者造成严重损害的,卫生行政部门应当按照相关法律、法规、规章给予相应处罚。药师未按规定审核处方、调剂药品、进行用药交待或未对不合理处方进行有效干预的,医院应当采取教育培训、批评等措施;对患者造成严重损害的,卫生行政部门应当依法给予相应处罚。医院因不合理用药对患者造成损害的,按照相关法律、法规处理。

那么,什么是超长处方呢?《医院处方点评管理规范(试行)》给出“判定标准”是,有下列情况之一的,应当判定为超常处方:

①无适应证用药;

②无正当理由开具高价药的;

③无正当理由超说明书用药的;

④无正当理由为同一患者同时开具2种以上药理作用相同药物的。

处方点评不单纯是针对“超长处方”

尽管《处方管理办法》主要强调了对超长处方的严厉处罚以至停止处方权,可以看出《处方管理办法》出台当时的背景,也就是药品购销领域的商业贿赂猖獗,也可以看出《处方管理办法》对贿赂的仇视。但实际上处方点评并不只是“治贿”,这一点在《医院处方点评管理规范(试行)》“立法目的”就可以看出来:为规范医院处方点评工作,提高处方质量,促进合理用药,保障医疗安全,根据……制定本规范。

同时《医院处方点评管理规范(试行)》对如何点评也有具体要求。如第五条规定了医院处方点评工作由谁组织实施?在医院药物与治疗学委员会(组)和医疗质量管理委员会领导下,由医院医疗管理部门和药学部门共同组织实施。第七条规定,医院药学部门成立处方点评工作小组,负责处方点评的具体工作。第九条规定,根据医院诊疗科目、科室设置、技术水平、诊疗量等实际情况,确定具体抽样方法和抽样率,其中门急诊处方的抽样率不应少于总处方量的1‰,且每月点评处方绝对数不应少于100张;病房(区)医嘱单的抽样率(按出院病历数计)不应少于1%,且每月点评出院病历绝对数不应少于30份。第十五条规定,处方点评结果分为合理处方和不合理处方。第十六条规定,不合理处方包括不规范处方、用药不适宜处方及超常处方。第十七条规定了应当判定为不规范处方的15种情形,包括书写不规范或者字迹难以辨认的;用法、用量使用“遵医嘱”、“自用”等含糊不清字句的等。第十八条规定了应当判定为用药不适宜处方的9种情形,包括适应证、遴选的药品、药品剂型或给药途径、用法、用量、联合用药和其它用药不适宜情况的;无正当理由不首选国家基本药物的;重复给药的;有配伍禁忌或者不良相互作用的等。同时要求,医院药学部门应当会同医疗管理部门对处方点评小组提交的点评结果进行审核,定期公布处方点评结果,通报不合理处方;各级卫生行政部门和医师定期考核机构,应当将处方点评结果作为重要指标纳入医院评审评价和医师定期考核指标体系。医院应当将处方点评结果纳入相关科室及其工作人员绩效考核和年度考核指标,建立健全相关的奖惩制度。

重庆是首次,全国尚未有

由于政策规定,处方点评应该由医疗机构做,因此很少有拿在地方政府卫生计生行政部门手上的,因此重庆这种开展处方“集中”点评还是很少见的,据笔者所知,目前在全国还没有,因此媒体说“重庆是首次”。这里的“首次”估计主要意思是在重庆是第一次,而不是说在全国重庆领先。

笔者这里有几点疑惑:

一是重庆将本该由医疗机构做的活儿,自己拿来做,是否合乎“规矩”?

二是行政机关做这种事是不是“专业”服人?

三是行政机关去做此类比较“破烦”而且需要长期坚持的事,能不能善始善终,坚持下去?

当然,我们并不否认其出发点的善良,也不否认行政机关可以延请专家,但以笔者的经验看,这些很可能是出力不讨好,而且很可能是虎头蛇尾。尽管重庆方面称,今年是首次在全市开展集中点评,今后还将持续开展下去。而且重庆市卫计委有关负责人称“集中点评,可规范临床医师的用药行为。”这也是控制医疗费用不合理增长的手段。

但笔者仍然认为,也许抓紧推进医疗保险支付制度改革或许才是治本之法。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255640, encodeId=3bdd255640ef, content=好文章学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/01/a422505c84c5bd7df245dee314debefc.jpg, createdBy=31332101574, createdName=kalery, createdTime=Tue Oct 24 16:37:19 CST 2017, time=2017-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254993, encodeId=fba025499308, content=谢谢分享.阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Sun Oct 22 06:41:13 CST 2017, time=2017-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254823, encodeId=4890254823f1, content=好消息.值得拥有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59321624668, createdName=zb1235672, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 09:07:30 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254770, encodeId=20f1254e7069, content=一起来学习吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/07/03/04d9b9f3fcb2c24e0534b0a7de83c72e.jpg, createdBy=75672052751, createdName=月吟凤歌, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 07:05:37 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254705, encodeId=4462254e0583, content=厉害了我的哥, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 00:06:11 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-24 kalery

    好文章学习了

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255640, encodeId=3bdd255640ef, content=好文章学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/01/a422505c84c5bd7df245dee314debefc.jpg, createdBy=31332101574, createdName=kalery, createdTime=Tue Oct 24 16:37:19 CST 2017, time=2017-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254993, encodeId=fba025499308, content=谢谢分享.阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Sun Oct 22 06:41:13 CST 2017, time=2017-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254823, encodeId=4890254823f1, content=好消息.值得拥有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59321624668, createdName=zb1235672, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 09:07:30 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254770, encodeId=20f1254e7069, content=一起来学习吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/07/03/04d9b9f3fcb2c24e0534b0a7de83c72e.jpg, createdBy=75672052751, createdName=月吟凤歌, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 07:05:37 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254705, encodeId=4462254e0583, content=厉害了我的哥, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 00:06:11 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-22 刘煜

    谢谢分享.阅读

    0

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    2017-10-21 zb1235672

    好消息.值得拥有

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255640, encodeId=3bdd255640ef, content=好文章学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/01/a422505c84c5bd7df245dee314debefc.jpg, createdBy=31332101574, createdName=kalery, createdTime=Tue Oct 24 16:37:19 CST 2017, time=2017-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254993, encodeId=fba025499308, content=谢谢分享.阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Sun Oct 22 06:41:13 CST 2017, time=2017-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254823, encodeId=4890254823f1, content=好消息.值得拥有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59321624668, createdName=zb1235672, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 09:07:30 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254770, encodeId=20f1254e7069, content=一起来学习吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/07/03/04d9b9f3fcb2c24e0534b0a7de83c72e.jpg, createdBy=75672052751, createdName=月吟凤歌, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 07:05:37 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254705, encodeId=4462254e0583, content=厉害了我的哥, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 00:06:11 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-21 月吟凤歌

    一起来学习吧

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255640, encodeId=3bdd255640ef, content=好文章学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/01/a422505c84c5bd7df245dee314debefc.jpg, createdBy=31332101574, createdName=kalery, createdTime=Tue Oct 24 16:37:19 CST 2017, time=2017-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254993, encodeId=fba025499308, content=谢谢分享.阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Sun Oct 22 06:41:13 CST 2017, time=2017-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254823, encodeId=4890254823f1, content=好消息.值得拥有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59321624668, createdName=zb1235672, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 09:07:30 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254770, encodeId=20f1254e7069, content=一起来学习吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/07/03/04d9b9f3fcb2c24e0534b0a7de83c72e.jpg, createdBy=75672052751, createdName=月吟凤歌, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 07:05:37 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254705, encodeId=4462254e0583, content=厉害了我的哥, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 00:06:11 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-21 飛歌

    厉害了我的哥

    0

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