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Nature Communications:认知控制和运动回路的异常动力学预示着自闭症儿童独特的限制性和重复性行为

2021-06-11 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

最近发表在Nature Communications杂志研究论著为RRB亚型的有效性提供了神经生物学支持,并将可分离脑回路动力学作为ASD关键临床特征的候选生物标志物。

限制和重复行为(RRBs)是自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的典型临床特征。RRBs具有高度异质性,具有兴趣受限(CI)、坚持同一性(IS)和重复运动行为(RM)的可变表达,这些是ASD患者有效功能的主要障碍;然而,CI、IS和RM的神经生物学基础尚不清楚。

最近发表在Nature Communications杂志研究论著为RRB亚型的有效性提供了神经生物学支持,并将可分离脑回路动力学作为ASD关键临床特征的候选生物标志物。

确定认知控制和运动回路的时间动态及其与限制和重复行为(RRBs)的关系的整体方法。基于认知控制回路的局限兴趣(CI)和坚持相同症状(IS)模型。该模型认为,ASD儿童RRBs的认知成分,即CI和IS症状,可能与额顶盖-额盖关键认知控制回路的组织功能异常有关。具体来说,该模型假定显著性网络(SN)在内部和外部显著性事件的异常映射中起关键作用,导致与中央执行网络(CEN)和默认模式网络(DMN)的动态时间交互改变,从而导致CI和IS。b检查认知控制回路中动态时变的跨网络交互作用及其与CI和IS症状的关系的整体分析管道。时变的跨网络交互使用动态功能连接方法测量。(1)采用滑动窗口方法估计了SN、CEN和DMN之间的动态功能相互作用。(2)为了识别与动态功能连接相关的不同群体特定状态,我们分别对每个群体的相关矩阵的时间序列应用了群体k-means聚类。(3)采用脑状态特异性网络交互指数(Brain state-specific network interaction index, NII)来表征各动态脑状态下的跨网络交互。滑动窗口的认知NII (CNII)计算为SN和CEN时间序列之间的相关性差以及SN和DMN之间的相关性差。相关值从与该滑动窗口相关的协方差矩阵中提取。时变CNII的平均值和变异性分别计算为动态脑状态CNII值的平均值和标准差。(4)采用线性回归分析研究了动态时变的跨网络交互测量(包括时变NII的平均值和变异性)与ADI-R衍生的RRB亚型症状严重程度评分的关系。c基于运动回路的重复性运动行为(RM)症状模型。该模型认为,关键皮层-皮层下运动回路的组织功能异常可能与RRBs的运动成分即ASD儿童RM症状有关。具体地说,该模型在改变皮层运动网络(cMN)和皮层下运动网络(sMN)之间的动态时间交互作用中发挥了关键作用,从而导致RM。d检查电机电路中动态时变跨网络相互作用及其与RM症状的关系的整体分析方法。

该研究评估了RRBs的一个统一的功能性脑回路模型,并验证了CI和IS与异常的认知控制回路动力学相关,而RM与异常的运动回路动力学相关的假设。利用96名儿童的无任务功能磁共振数据,首先证明了ASD儿童认知控制回路中时变的跨网络交互作用显著减少和不灵活,并预测CI和IS症状,但不能预测RM症状。

ASD儿童认知控制回路的异常时间动力学。a ASD儿童显示四种状态,TD儿童显示两种状态。不同的颜色代表不同的状态。ASD儿童的状态1、2、3和4分别用暗橙色、暗青色、深绿色和深洋红表示;TD儿童的状态1和状态2分别用石灰绿和深蓝色表示。b与TD儿童相比,ASD儿童动态脑状态的认知NII (CNII)显示间歇性地减少跨网络交互作用。c采用跨状态动态CNIIs均值评估,ASD儿童与TD儿童相比,认知控制回路中动态跨网络交互作用的时间均值显著降低。与TD儿童相比,ASD儿童的认知控制回路中动态跨网络交互作用的时间变异性显著高于TD儿童,采用跨州动态CNIIs标准偏差评估。采用双侧双样本t检验比较ASD儿童和TD儿童CNIIs的平均值和时间变异性。误差条表示均值的标准误差。* * * p < 0.001。

ASD患儿运动回路异常的时间动力学。a ASD和TD儿童显示两种状态。不同的颜色代表不同的状态。ASD儿童的状态1和状态2分别用暗橙色和暗青色表示;TD儿童的状态1和状态2分别用中等紫色和亮蓝色表示。b与TD儿童相比,ASD儿童动态脑状态的运动NII (MNII)表现出间歇性增加的跨网络交互作用。c采用跨状态动态MNIIs均值评估,ASD儿童的运动电路动态跨网络交互作用的时间均值显著高于TD儿童。使用跨州动态MNIIs的标准偏差评估,ASD儿童和TD儿童之间的运动电路动态跨网络交互作用的时间变异性没有差异。采用双侧双样本t检验比较ASD儿童和TD儿童MNIIs的平均值和时间变异性。误差条表示均值的标准误差。* p<0.05。

此外,还发现ASD患儿运动回路中时变的跨网络交互作用显著增加,并能预测RM症状,但不能预测CI或IS症状。

ASD患儿的异常脑回路动力学可以预测RRB亚型的严重程度。回归分析显示,认知控制回路中动态跨网络交互作用的时间平均值和变异性可以预测一个a CI和b IS症状,但不能预测RM症状。c回归分析显示,运动回路中动态跨网络交互作用的时间平均值预测了RM症状,但预测不了CI或IS症状。误差带代表回归估计的95%置信区间。交叉验证分析证实了这些结果。

使用交叉验证分析证实了这些结果。此外,还表明,脑临床症状之间的关系没有检测到时间平均功能连接分析。

目前的研究解决了对CI、IS和RM(定义RRB的ASD患儿核心临床表型的三个不同症状群)的脑回路知识的一个关键缺口。通过基于系统神经科学的方法和动态功能电路的分析提供了证据,表明儿童ASD的特征是多种功能脑电路的异常动力学,重要的是,认知(CI, IS)和运动(RM) RRB症状与独特的神经生物学特征相关。研究结果表明,脑回路的动态特性可以为ASD临床症状的异质性机制提供基本的见解。

该研究结果为RRB亚型的有效性提供了神经生物学支持,并将可分离脑回路动力学作为ASD关键临床特征的候选生物标志物。

原文出处

Supekar, K., Ryali, S., Mistry, P. et al. Aberrant dynamics of cognitive control and motor circuits predict distinct restricted and repetitive behaviors in children with autism. Nat Commun 12, 3537 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23822-5

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    2021-11-03 liuli5079
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    2021-09-17 珙桐
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    2022-02-17 liye789132251
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    2021-06-13 xugc
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