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PRF联合GBR在前牙即刻种植中的应用1例

2018-11-17 孙晓琳 翟婧捷 孙悦 口腔医学研究

即刻种植方案能缩短疗程,减少拔牙后牙槽骨生理性吸收造成的种植区骨量不足,利于将种植体植入理想长轴位置,减少种植窝预备中对局部骨的损伤,保持软组织的自然形态,已逐渐受到关注。但即刻种植常伴随骨缺损,限制手术适应症,增加手术失败风险。为探讨PRF促进组织修复再生的临床效果,现将已完成修复的PRF联合GBR在前牙即刻种植中应用的病例进行报告与讨论。

即刻种植方案能缩短疗程,减少拔牙后牙槽骨生理性吸收造成的种植区骨量不足,利于将种植体植入理想长轴位置,减少种植窝预备中对局部骨的损伤,保持软组织的自然形态,已逐渐受到关注。但即刻种植常伴随骨缺损,限制手术适应症,增加手术失败风险。为探讨PRF促进组织修复再生的临床效果,现将已完成修复的PRF联合GBR在前牙即刻种植中应用的病例进行报告与讨论。
 
1.病例资料
 
1.1 病例情况 
 
患者,女,42岁,左上中切牙根折,要求种植修复。既往体健,无吸烟史,无口服双磷酸盐药物史。专科检查:口腔卫生良好,左上中切牙Ⅲ度松动。CBCT示:左上中切牙根尖1/3处不连续低密度细线状阴影,唇侧骨板不连续,见图1。
 
图1 术前CBCT片
 
1.2 治疗计划 
 
21行即刻种植术,PRF联合GBR进行骨增量。
 
1.3 治疗程序 
 
术前检查符合即刻种植的条件,常规消毒、铺巾,局部浸润麻醉。微创拔除21,仔细搔刮拔牙窝,切开,翻瓣,预备种植床,植入Straumann种植体1枚(3.3mm×12mm,SLA,骨水平种植体),旋上覆盖螺丝,见种植体与拔牙窝周围存在骨间隙,同时唇侧骨板不全,根尖1/3处见穿孔,见图2。
 
图2 种植体周围存在骨缺损
 
于骨缺损处植入Bio-oss 骨粉,表面覆盖可吸收胶原屏障膜,术中制备PRF膜,将PRF膜覆盖于创口处,松散缝合,见图3,表面覆盖牙周辅料。术后常规给予抗生素5d,术后10d拆线,术后6个月复诊,行二期手术,最终完成上部修复。
 
图3 PRF联合GBR修复骨缺损
 
1.4 治疗结果 
 
一期术后10d,创口完全愈合,无感染、无红肿,术后炎症反应较轻。术后6个月,软组织量充足,X线片见种植体骨结合良好,行二期手术,见种植体周围牙槽嵴维持了良好的骨量,种植体唇侧骨壁≥1mm,见图4。拆线后10d,牙龈上皮袖口良好,唇侧丰满,牙龈形态、颜色良好,见图5,取模,完成修复,修复后,修复效果良好,患者满意。
 
图4 术后6个月
 
图5 二期术后上皮袖口状况
 
2.讨论

随着口腔医学技术的不断进步,种植修复受到越来越多的牙齿缺失患者的关注。目前对于种植修复的重点就是如何缩短治疗时间,本病例采用即刻种植,在一定程度上缩短了种植修复周期,采用Bio-oss骨粉作为骨移植材料,可吸收性胶原膜作为屏障膜系统辅以自体的浓缩生长因子(PRF),减少了手术次数,两者联合应用进一步缩短了种植修复治疗疗程,增加了手术的成功率。 
 
即刻种植术中由于拔牙窝经常比种植体的直径大,在种植体与拔牙窝的骨板之间出现空隙,常需要联合GBR技术增加骨量。传统GBR手术,常因植入生物材料而引起明显的炎症反应,同时即刻种植的拔牙创口软组织不足,缝合时两侧牙龈黏膜弹性不足,可能不能完全封闭缺口,而GBR技术又填加大量的生物材料,这就使创口的关闭更加困难,而软组织初期严密关闭对于即刻种植的成功有重要的意义,如果种植体或植入的骨材料暴露,可能导致感染而发生种植的失败。
 
PRF是将患者自身静脉血,通过特殊的离心方法,分离制备的具有潜在促进软硬组织修复的纤维蛋白凝胶,单独或联合其他生物材料应用于软硬组织缺损处,从而修复缺损,诱导生长,加速局部创伤的愈合,减轻炎症反应。Choukroun等研究均表明PRF能够促进组织愈合,在炎症调节和抗感染方面也具有良好的效果。
 
因此,本病例将PRF联合GBR技术应用于前牙即刻种植,促进种植体周围软硬组织修复,加快组织愈合,同时,增强局部免疫力,减轻术后反应;应用PRF关闭创口,有利于渗出物排除,减轻水肿,降低感染机率;PRF的应用,扩大手术适应症,对于一些存在慢性炎症的患者也可以选择即刻种植。通过本病例的观察,PRF在前牙即刻种植中引导组织再生的临床效果显著。
 
原始出处:

孙晓琳,翟婧捷,孙悦,刘珍珍,周延民.PRF联合GBR在前牙即刻种植中的应用1例[J].口腔医学研究,2017,33(01):106-107.

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    2019-03-01 huangdf
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    2018-11-19 wodejia-dayu

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