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医院门诊药房剥离 下一步该怎么走?

2018-02-06 MedSci MedSci原创

去年2月,国务院正式印发《关于进一步改革完善药品生产流通使用政策的若干意见》,文件指出,“推进医药分开。门诊患者可以自主选择在医疗机构或零售药店购药,医疗机构不得限制门诊患者凭处方到零售药店购药。具备条件的可探索将门诊药房从医疗机构剥离。”


去年2月,国务院正式印发《关于进一步改革完善药品生产流通使用政策的若干意见》,文件指出,“推进医药分开。门诊患者可以自主选择在医疗机构或零售药店购药,医疗机构不得限制门诊患者凭处方到零售药店购药。具备条件的可探索将门诊药房从医疗机构剥离。”

医院药房剥离虽然是一个大趋势,但是短时间内还很难实现。不过值得注意的是,剥离前会有一个过渡时期,而现在正处在剥离过渡期。中国药科大学国家执业药师发展研究中心副主任康震在一次行业会议上谈了他对医院门诊药房剥离的看法。

康震表示,促进门诊药房剥离的因素主要有三个:政策要求、人员成本压力和药占比指标。

如前所述,国务院相关文件提出具备条件的可探索将门诊药房从医疗机构剥离,而取消药品加成后,门诊药房从利润中心转为成本中心,门诊药房剥离符合政策要求和现实需要。对于医院而言,药占比是硬性指标,不少医院的门诊药品占总数的30%-50%,剥离门诊药房可以大大减少药品费用,降低药占比。

康震认为,阻碍门诊药房剥离的因素主要是既有利益和潜在风险两方面。

约30%的门诊患者到医院只开药,而非看病。取消药品加成后,虽然没有了药品收益,但增加的医事服务费仍然是一笔可观的收入。以中型公立医院为例,每天门诊量约4000人,只开药的患者约1200人,医事服务费每人30元,每年仅此一项就收入1300余万元。

另外,医院可以通过外部合作分摊药房运营成本,或收取合作费用,在一定程度上弥补取消药品加成的损失。门诊药房剥离后,以上收益都无法获得,还会给普通患者,特别是慢病患者的治疗带来不便。

随着药品零加成的全面推行,全国各地出现了多种以门诊药房与医院脱离为原则的药房剥离过渡模式,逐渐实现从“以药养医”到“以药补医”的转变。康震将过渡模式总结为四种:

1.托管模式:所有权归医院、解决人员成本、减少购药资金、降低药占比、减少库存、提高效率;

2.合作模式:减少购药资金、较少物流成本、收取合作费、降低药占比、提高效率;

3.自开模式:自家药师开药店、开在医院附近、分流门诊药师、收取一定佣金、降低药占比;

4.院外模式:临靠医院附近、收取一定费用、处方适当外流、降低药占比、缓解门诊药房压力。

在以上四种模式中,药房托管是一种推行范围较广、较成功的模式,在一定程度上解决了目前补偿机制不够健全的问题。据《经济参考报》披露,目前全国范围内,约有半数以上的二级及以下医院已实施或计划实施药房托管。

虽然药房托管目前开展得如火如荼,但仍然地方主管部门持反对意见。今年初,上海市卫计委的一次药政工作会议中就有官员提出:“不鼓励、不支持医疗机构与有关企业开展所谓的门诊药房‘托管’等业务合作。医疗机构在进行药房供应链优化过程中,须审慎设定与医药企业的合作模式,防范合作可能带来的潜在法律和政策风险。”

该官员还表示:“已经开展药房‘托管’试点或药房供应链优化合作的有关医疗机构,需要认真评估现有合作模式该调整、改进的尽快调整改进,使其符合国家的法律法规和政策,不得与受托企业发生任何经济利益交易。”

药房托管后,即便药房的经营权已交给医药公司,但处方权仍然在医生手中,医药公司为了多卖药势必会和医院及医生搞好关系,不免产生一些“灰色收入”。据公开信息披露,医药零售企业百强连锁净利率仅在5%左右,考虑到医院还要收取托管费用,托管药房究竟该采用何种商业模式仍然需要考虑。

托管的投资预算和经营时限的风险控制也很重要。多年前,南京医药就和南京市多家医院合作开展药房托管,但后来因严重亏损而被迫中止。此外,药品处方管理与服务经营、如何承包非药产品经营权,以及能否将患者的二次处方能否释放到社会药房中来都是医药企业在托管模式中需要考虑的问题。

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    2018-11-23 d830372
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068745, encodeId=ca9a2068e45d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0d9b20118c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#下一步#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20118, encryptionId=0d9b20118c3, topicName=下一步)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=80a244, createdName=d830372, createdTime=Fri Nov 23 00:18:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1654310, encodeId=530316543102e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33248e580a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药房#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87580, encryptionId=33248e580a8, topicName=药房)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=878524492877, createdName=sunmin0227, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 22:18:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285725, encodeId=90cb285e25af, content=只想问一句考虑过药师的感受过没?本来地位就低下.现在药师何去何从., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1de52238436, createdName=1213b82am03暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 21:32:05 CST 2018, time=2018-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285691, encodeId=2b5528569138, content=药还是用了啊.病人钱还是花了啊.让病人到外面去跑.脱裤子放屁, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb6d65738, createdName=sun405645626, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 18:32:37 CST 2018, time=2018-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-05 sunmin0227
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068745, encodeId=ca9a2068e45d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0d9b20118c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#下一步#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20118, encryptionId=0d9b20118c3, topicName=下一步)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=80a244, createdName=d830372, createdTime=Fri Nov 23 00:18:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1654310, encodeId=530316543102e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33248e580a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药房#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87580, encryptionId=33248e580a8, topicName=药房)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=878524492877, createdName=sunmin0227, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 22:18:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285725, encodeId=90cb285e25af, content=只想问一句考虑过药师的感受过没?本来地位就低下.现在药师何去何从., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1de52238436, createdName=1213b82am03暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 21:32:05 CST 2018, time=2018-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285691, encodeId=2b5528569138, content=药还是用了啊.病人钱还是花了啊.让病人到外面去跑.脱裤子放屁, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb6d65738, createdName=sun405645626, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 18:32:37 CST 2018, time=2018-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-06 1213b82am03暂无昵称

    只想问一句考虑过药师的感受过没?本来地位就低下.现在药师何去何从.

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068745, encodeId=ca9a2068e45d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0d9b20118c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#下一步#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20118, encryptionId=0d9b20118c3, topicName=下一步)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=80a244, createdName=d830372, createdTime=Fri Nov 23 00:18:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1654310, encodeId=530316543102e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33248e580a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药房#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87580, encryptionId=33248e580a8, topicName=药房)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=878524492877, createdName=sunmin0227, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 22:18:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285725, encodeId=90cb285e25af, content=只想问一句考虑过药师的感受过没?本来地位就低下.现在药师何去何从., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1de52238436, createdName=1213b82am03暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 21:32:05 CST 2018, time=2018-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285691, encodeId=2b5528569138, content=药还是用了啊.病人钱还是花了啊.让病人到外面去跑.脱裤子放屁, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb6d65738, createdName=sun405645626, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 18:32:37 CST 2018, time=2018-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-06 sun405645626

    药还是用了啊.病人钱还是花了啊.让病人到外面去跑.脱裤子放屁

    0

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