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Science:神经回路有问题,合成蛋白来修复

2020-09-06 张佳兴 生物探索

突触重塑对于确保有效接收和整合外部刺激以及存储和检索信息至关重要。突触的构建和重塑受突触组织蛋白的调控,该过程异常可扰乱兴奋性和抑制性神经传递平衡,导致精神病导致精神病和神经系统疾病的发生。

人脑在庞大的神经元网络中包含数万亿个突触。突触重塑对于确保有效接收和整合外部刺激以及存储和检索信息至关重要。突触的构建和重塑受突触组织蛋白的调控,该过程异常可扰乱兴奋性和抑制性神经传递平衡,导致精神病和神经系统疾病的发生,比如自闭症谱系疾病、癫痫、精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默氏病等。因此,研究如何调控神经元修复神经元回路至关重要。

近日,来自日本庆应义塾大学、牛津大学和德国神经退行性疾病中心的研究人员,在《Science》发表题为Asynthetic synaptic organizer protein restores glutamatergic neuronal circuits的研究论文,该研究中合成了一种新型的突触组织蛋白,可以有效修复或重塑神经元回路。

突触是神经回路中的基本结构和功能单元。作为神经元交流的桥梁,突触是高度动态的,其重塑对脑生理的各个方面都是必不可少的。但是,该过程异常会导致兴奋性信号和抑制性信号失衡。生理上,突触形成是由突触组织蛋白调节的。其中,小脑蛋白1(Cbln1)和神经元五肽毒素1(NP1)等细胞外支架蛋白(ESP)可通过在突触间隙结合突触前和/或突触后细胞表面蛋白来快速诱导突触分化。研究人员假设,结合Cbln1和NP1的结构特征的合成分子可用于逆转兴奋性突触的缺失,并促进受损神经元回路的结构和功能恢复。

CPTX的结构设计和应用

NP1募集突触后的AMPA亚型离子型谷氨酸受体(AMPAR),负责通过其正五聚蛋白域进行兴奋性神经传递。但是,NP1并不诱导体内突触前分化。Cbln1通过其N端多聚结构域与细胞粘附分子神经毒素(Nrx)相互作用,从而促进突触前分化,但不结合AMPAR。研究人员合成了一种可溶性六聚体ES(CPTX),包含Cbln1的多聚结构域和NP1的五环素结构域。并且,CPTX可选择性地结合突触前Nrx,具有纳摩尔亲和力。

CPTX的结构设计和生理特征

随后,研究人员发现, CPTX可调控双向突触以及兴奋性突触前和突触后位点。在体内,CPTX增加了功能性兴奋性突触的数量,并改善了将共济失调小鼠的步态。此外,将CPTX注射到阿尔茨海默氏病模型小鼠的海马中,可恢复树突棘数量,促进兴奋性突触传递,改善海马依赖性学习。最后,在脊髓损伤的小鼠模型中,将CPTX单次注射到受损组织中可重组兴奋性回路并恢复运动。

CPTX可恢复GluD2基因敲除鼠的PF-PC突触和运动协调

总而言之,研究人员合成一种新型的突触组织蛋白CPTX,可以与突触前神经毒素和突触后AMPA型离子型谷氨酸受体相互作用,并在体内和体外诱导兴奋性突触的形成。CPTX在小脑共济失调、阿尔茨海默病和脊髓损伤的小鼠模型中恢复了突触功能,运动协调和记忆。因此,CPTX作为一种结构导向生物制剂的原型,可以有效修复或重塑神经元回路,有望用于治疗精神和神经系统疾病。

原始出处:

Kunimichi Suzuki, Jonathan Elegheert, Inseon Song, et al.A synthetic synaptic organizer protein restores glutamatergic neuronal circuits.Science. 2020 Aug 28;369(6507):eabb4853. doi: 10.1126/science.abb4853.

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    2021-10-28 ms3000001753043647

    研究阶段

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064667, encodeId=e881106466e8e, content=研究阶段, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=24135639831, createdName=ms3000001753043647, createdTime=Thu Oct 28 13:49:32 CST 2021, time=2021-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=961945, encodeId=12cf96194578, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=726a1600078' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Science#</a>点击进入话题查看更多相关文章 或评论时插入话题加入讨论, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16000, encryptionId=726a1600078, topicName=Science)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20221103/2796e00c9b4549e3b313ed9e7accc68f/b52d6d98bbe04782b5a4e2dd1ee80be2.jpeg, createdBy=078e1614372, createdName=MedSciZeng, createdTime=Fri Apr 30 17:35:00 CST 2021, time=2021-04-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1742103, encodeId=d4db1e421031e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cbcde425156' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经回路#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74251, encryptionId=cbcde425156, topicName=神经回路)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=37e635034501, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Tue Nov 24 13:10:41 CST 2020, time=2020-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=892739, encodeId=f7dd892e3963, content=这个是药在哪里日本吗,临床了吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=25825414757, createdName=ms7000001810749191, createdTime=Sun Oct 18 00:57:23 CST 2020, time=2020-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376172, encodeId=e5fe13e6172fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Tue Sep 08 02:10:41 CST 2020, time=2020-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-04-30 MedSciZeng

    #Science#点击进入话题查看更多相关文章 或评论时插入话题加入讨论

    0

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    2020-10-18 ms7000001810749191

    这个是药在哪里日本吗,临床了吗

    0

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    2020-09-08 jichang

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PNAS:下丘脑POMC神经元中E-Syt3在营养性肥胖的形成中起重要的作用

近年来,在发达国家和发展中国家,肥胖人口均快速增加。肥胖会导致或促进心脑血管疾病、2型糖尿病,以及非酒精性脂肪肝等疾病的发生,危害人类的健康,因此,研究肥胖形成的原因以开发新的治疗方法显得至关重要。

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