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川崎病患儿的TNF-α阻滞剂干预与安慰剂或其他治疗的比较

2019-09-03 佚名 BUCM循证医学精视角

川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)是一种急性血管炎症,主要影响6个月至5岁的儿童。川崎病的标准医疗管理包括静脉注射丙种球蛋白(IVIG)加阿司匹林。这种标准治疗通常是有效的,但对大约15%-20%的儿童无效。当治疗无效时,儿童可能会患上严重的心脏病。最近,研究人员发现,肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)阻断剂可能对标准疗法尚未治愈的川崎病儿童有效。然而,我们仍然不清楚TNF-α阻滞剂治疗

研究背景

川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)是一种急性血管炎症,主要影响6个月至5岁的儿童。川崎病的标准医疗管理包括静脉注射丙种球蛋白(IVIG)加阿司匹林。这种标准治疗通常是有效的,但对大约15%-20%的儿童无效。当治疗无效时,儿童可能会患上严重的心脏病。最近,研究人员发现,肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)阻断剂可能对标准疗法尚未治愈的川崎病儿童有效。然而,我们仍然不清楚TNF-α阻滞剂治疗川崎病的益处和风险,而且提高疗效和安全性的潜力还不明确。因此,本综述评估了TNF-α阻滞剂治疗川崎病的益处和危害。

研究特征

我们纳入了使用TNF-α阻滞剂治疗川崎病儿童的试验,并测量了治疗耐药性、心血管事件和副作用,如输液反应和感染以及其他症状。我们发现了5项已经完成的研究,共涉及494名受试者(最近一次检索研究截至2018年9月)。4项研究使用TNF-α阻滞剂作为IVIG治疗后的额外治疗,1项研究使用TNF-α阻滞剂作为治疗川崎病患儿的首选药物。

主要结果

分析表明,TNF-α阻滞剂可降低治疗抗药性14%~62%(低质量证据)和输液反应55%~99%(低质量证据)。目前尚不清楚TNF-α阻滞剂是否能有效地减少冠状动脉异常等严重心脏疾病的发生。TNF-α阻滞剂使用与否对儿童感染的发生率也没有明显的差异。

证据质量

值得注意的是,由于研究只包括了少数受试者,证据质量很低。因此,仍需要开展大规模的临床试验。

结论

我们发现数量有限的RCTs评估了TNF-α阻滞剂对川崎病的疗效。总之,低质量证据表明,与未接受治疗或者接受IVIG辅助治疗的受试者相比,TNF-α阻滞剂能改善治疗过程中产生的抗药性和治疗开始后的“输液反应”。仍需要进一步的研究来增加该证据基础。由于仅少量效力不足的试验被纳入分析,应谨慎对待所得出的结果。仍需开展大样本高质量的试验,并考虑TNF-α阻断剂的给药时机和类型,从而进一步确定TNF-α阻滞剂对川崎病的影响。

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    2019-09-05 snowpeakxu

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