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北大研究:边界性高血压,也在认知衰退的边界试探?

2021-11-05 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

BMC Medicine:不同的高血压阈值和认知能力下降:三组老龄人群的合并分析

2017年美国心脏病学院(ACC)/美国心脏协会(AHA)的成人高血压指南(BP)提出了高血压的新定义,阈值BP水平为130/80 mmHg。但2018年欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)/欧洲高血压学会(ESH)指南坚持传统的高血压定义,即BP≥140/90 mmHg。这种差异导致两个阈值BP之间的个人采取不同的策略,并可能影响大量高血压相关疾病,包括痴呆症的初级预防。作为晚年最严重的疾病之一,痴呆症影响了5000万人,并在2018年在全球造成1万亿美元的财政负担。由于人均寿命延长,上述两个数字仍在急剧增加。尽管痴呆症无法治愈,但在临床前阶段的很长一段时间内可以积极预防或延迟。

大型流行病学研究表明,中年高血压与晚年认知衰退率上升和痴呆风险较高有显著关系。中年高血压,定义为BP≥140/90 mmHg,与1.55倍的认知衰退风险和1.20倍的痴呆症风险有关。BP降低已被证明可以降低高血压患者认知障碍或痴呆的风险。但目前关于高血压和认知衰退之间关系的大部分研究都是基于传统的高血压定义 。 边缘高血压与BP介于130/80至140/90 mmHg之间,与认知衰退的关联仍未被阐明。本研究试图通过比较两组认知衰退的轨迹:(1) 普通 BP 组(整个研究过程中所有场合均为BP < 130/80mmHg);(2) 边界 BP 组(在整个研究过程中,所有情况下BP < 140/90 mmHg,并除外正常组)。

本研究最终纳入17590 名参与者,拥有完整的基线数据,BP 测量≥ 3 次,以及至少一次认知功能的重新评估。

1、BP组与认知功能下降

由于在对正常组和边缘性BP组整体认知能力下降的合并分析中存在相当大的队列间异质性,后续分析按性别进行。校正协变量后,在正常和边缘血压组之间的整体认知下降率没有发现显著差异(男性,合并β =−0.006 SD/年;95%CI −0.020至0.008;P = 0.377;女性,合并β = 0.006 SD/年;95% CI−0.005至0.018;P = 0.269;图1和表2和表3)。

高血压组的整体认知能力下降明显快于边缘性血压组(男性,合并β = - 0.011 SD/年;95% CI−0.020至−0.002;P = 0.013;女性,合并β =−0.017 SD/年;95% CI−0.026 ~−0.008;P =0.001);在单一认知领域的分析中也观察到类似趋势,除了男性的记忆和方向以及女性的执行功能(中高血压组和边缘血压组之间的差异不显著;图1和表2和表3)。

与正常血压组相比,高血压组的女性整体认知能力下降的速度明显更快(合并β = - 0.023 SD/年;95% CI−0.039至−0.006;P = 0.007),而在男性中没有发现显著差异(合并β =−0.005 SD/年;95% CI−0.015至0.005;P = 0.326;附加文件1:图S2 [part A]和表S4)

2、敏感性分析

在任何灵敏度分析中,均未观察到正常和边缘性血压组之间的认知衰退率有显著差异(图2;附加文件1:表S5到S8)。

3、情况分析

总共20,700名参与者(HRS 7770;ELSA 6329;CHARLS 6601);在整个研究过程中,血压测量少于3次或没有后续认知分数被排除(图3)。被排除的参与者在所有三个队列中呈现如下特征:年龄更大,收缩压更高,教育水平较低,更有可能独自生活,体育活动较少,自我报告的冠心病发生率较高,执行得分较低(附加文件1:表S9)。

综上,在对HRS、ELSA和具有全国代表性大型样本的CHARLS的汇总研究中,我们观察到,高BP组的认知衰退明显快于调整后的边界BP组,而正常和边界BP组之间没有发现认知衰退率的显著差异。这些发现在大多数单一认知领域和敏感性分析中都站得住脚。在ACC/AHA指南和ESC/ESH指南的不同高血压阈值下,本研究是第一个也是最大的研究之一,分析长期血压和认知衰退率之间的关系。

总的来说,与高血压组相比,边缘高血压组的认知能力下降明显较慢,但与正常血压组的认知能力下降率无显著差异。这项研究的结果表明,对于血压在130/80和140/90 mmHg之间的患者,考虑到认知能力下降,可能没有必要开始抗高血压治疗前瞻性观察和介入研究长期血压和认知能力下降之间的关系是必要的。

 

原文来源:

Ma et al.Different hypertension thresholds and cognitive decline: a pooled analysis of three ageing cohorts. BMC Medicine (2021) 19:287
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02165-4

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    2021-11-06 ZYY7209

    学习了,血压与认知

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    2021-11-05 ms3000001989507817

    谢谢分享

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    2021-11-05 ms5000000518166734

    已读已读已读已读已读已读已读已读已读已读已读已读已读已读已读已读

    0

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    2021-11-05 1207866fm50(暂无昵称)

    谢谢分享

    0

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