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JAM:低脂素食对成人超重体重、胰岛素敏感性、餐后代谢及心肌细胞和肝细胞脂质水平的影响

2021-09-23 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

超重和胰岛素抵抗会导致2型糖尿病和其他健康问题。迫切需要饮食干预措施来解决这些情况。

超重和胰岛素抵抗会导致2型糖尿病和其他健康问题。迫切需要饮食干预措施来解决这些情况。

目的:研究低脂纯素饮食对成年超重体重、胰岛素抵抗、餐后代谢、心肌细胞内和肝细胞内脂质水平的影响。

设计、设置和参与者:这项为期16周的随机临床试验,于2017年1月至2019年2月在华盛顿特区进行。在3115名在医务室以及报纸和广播广告中回复传单的人中,244人在通过电话筛查后符合入组标准(年龄在25岁到75岁之间;体重指数在28到40岁之间)。

干预措施:受试者按1:1的比例随机分组。干预组(n=122)遵循低脂素食饮食,对照组(n=122)16周不改变饮食。

主要结果和措施:在第0周和第16周,使用校准的秤评估体重。采用双X射线吸光度计量体成分和内脏脂肪。用稳态模型评估指数和预测胰岛素敏感性指数(PREDIM)评估胰岛素抵抗。在标准流质早餐(720千卡)后3小时内,用间接量热法测量食物的热效应。在一组受试者(n=44)中,肝细胞和心肌细胞内的脂质通过质子磁共振波谱进行了量化。统计分析采用重复测量方差分析。

结果:在244名受试者中,211名(87%)为女性,117名(48%)为白人,平均年龄为54.4岁(11.6岁)。在这16周中,干预组的体重减少了5.9公斤(95%可信区间,5.0-6.7公斤;P<0.001)。从基线到16周,干预组食物的热效应增强,而对照组没有明显变化(效应大小组间差异,14.1%;95%可信区间,6.5-20.4;P<0.001)。干预组稳态模型评估指数降低(−1.3;95%CI,−2.2至−0.3;P<0.0 0 1),PREDIM升高(0.9;95%CI,0.5~1.2;P<0.0 0 1)。干预组肝细胞脂质水平下降34.4%,从平均3.2%(2.9%)下降到2.4%(2.2%)(P=0.002),细胞内脂质水平下降10.4%,从平均1.6(1.1)下降到1.5(1.0)(P=0.03)。在16周的时间里,干预组的所有这些变量都没有显著变化。PREDIM的变化与体重的变化呈负相关(r=−0.43;P<0.001)。肝细胞和心肌细胞内脂质水平的变化与胰岛素抵抗的变化相关(r=0.51;P=0.01)。

表1 OPLS模型评价食物热效应变化与第一预测成分之间的关系

图 干预组和对照组食物、肝细胞和心肌细胞内脂质水平的热效应变化

表2 用OPLS模型评价肝脏脂肪变化与第一预测成分的关系

结论和相关性:低脂素食饮食干预通过减少能量摄入和增加餐后代谢来减轻体重。这些变化与肝细胞和心肌细胞内脂肪的减少以及胰岛素敏感性的增加有关。

原文出处

Kahleova H,  Petersen KF,  Shulman GI,et al,Effect of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Body Weight, Insulin Sensitivity, Postprandial Metabolism, and Intramyocellular and Hepatocellular Lipid Levels in Overweight Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA Netw Open 2020 11 02;3(11)

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    2021-12-14 xjy02
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    2022-06-04 baoya
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