2011NICE慢性肾脏病第5期的腹膜透析治疗指南
Peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of stage 5 chronic kidney disease
2011-07-01
At any one time in the UK, 400–800 people per million of the population need renal replacement in the form of dialysis. The prevalence of dialysis in the UK is highly age dependent – for adults aged 70–80 years it is between 1600 and 2000 people per million. Dialysis is needed to sustain life for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). For about 40% of adults on dialysis a kidney transplant is the treatment of choice; this percentage is higher in children. If patients do not have a kidney transplant, dialysis is needed for the rest of the patient’s life. Two main types of dialysis are available, haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The main factors that determine what type of dialysis people with chronic kidney disease have are patient preferences about which treatment fits best within their lifestyle, availability of options within a service and clinical contraindications. Factors patients and carers may need to consider about peritoneal dialysis are: the ability to carry out dialysis themselves; the support services they need to carry out dialysis; integration of dialysis with work, school, hobbies, and social and family activities; opportunities to maintain social contacts; possible modifications to their home; the distance and time travelling to hospital; flexibility of daily treatment, diet and medication regimens; and possible changes to body image and physical activities because of dialysis access points.
