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AASLD特约点评:赵明教授:Checkmate-040 研究——Nivolumab治疗晚期HCC的数据更新

2017-11-27 赵明 ioncology

肝细胞癌(HCC)是全球第二大癌症死亡原因,每年造成近74.5万人死亡。索拉非尼作为肝细胞癌的一线全身治疗,是唯一被证明可延长总生存期的分子靶向药物,随着免疫治疗的研究进展,越来越多的数据显示PD-1拮抗剂可给晚期肝癌患者带来临床获益。

肝细胞癌(HCC)是全球第二大癌症死亡原因,每年造成近74.5万人死亡。索拉非尼作为肝细胞癌的一线全身治疗,是唯一被证明可延长总生存期的分子靶向药物,随着免疫治疗的研究进展,越来越多的数据显示PD-1拮抗剂可给晚期肝癌患者带来临床获益。

2017年美国肝病研究学会(AASLD)年会上,来自西班牙那瓦那大学的Sangro教授在全体大会中报告了一项包括亚洲在内的全球多中心研究(CheckMate 040),结果显示出晚期HCC使用纳武单抗(Nivolumab)的出色缓解率和缓解持续时间(摘要号:141)。2017年9月22日,纳武单抗获得美国 FDA 批准用于治疗索拉非尼经治HCC 患者,成为首个获批用于晚期HCC的免疫治疗药物。

《国际肝病》特别邀请中山大学附属肿瘤医院赵明教授对该研究结果和意义进行点评。

研究概述:

Sangro教授在会上指出,纳武单抗属于全人源化的抗PD-1的IgG4单克隆抗体。在1/2期剂量爬坡和拓展试验(CheckMate 040)中,纳入既往暴露和未暴露于索拉非尼的晚期肝癌患者,给予纳武单抗治疗每周2次,不考虑PD-L1的状态,剂量爬坡组(dose-escalation)为0.1~10.0 mg/kg,拓展组(expansion cohorts)为3.0 mg/kg。

主要研究终点包括爬坡组的安全性/耐受性和拓展组中的客观反应率(ORR),ORR经BICR(blinded independent central review)和研究员应用RECIST 1.1标准评价获得。次要研究终点包括:生存率、反应持续时间(DOR)和疾病控制率。探索性分析HBV和HCV感染人群的病毒改变及AFP水平的变化。

结果,262例患者中位随访时间14~16个月,98%(258/262)Child-Pugh评分为5~6,68%(178/262)合并有肝外转移。80例未曾接受索拉非尼治疗,182例曾使用过索拉非尼治疗(包括剂量爬坡组37例和拓展剂量组145例),第18个月的总生存率分别为57%,46%(爬坡组)和44%(拓展组)。总体ORR(BICR)为14%~20%,中位DOR为16.59~19.35个月。

肿瘤标志物AFP基线水平同反应率不相关,但有反应组可以看到AFP降底;3/4级治疗相关的ALT/AST 升高在未使用及使用索拉非尼患者中分别占5%~9%和3%~4%。未见药物相关死亡(因肝脏相关不良事件发生所致),有2例患者出现与治疗无关的肝功能衰竭。

研究者指出:晚期HCC患者无论既往是否使用过索拉非尼,接受纳武单抗治疗均能获得长期生存,且安全性好。

点评:

我国是肝癌大国,占全世界肝癌发病率的55%左右,诊断时通常都是中晚期,能够接受外科手术切除后的占15%左右,5年复发率高达70%,目前对于晚期HCC治疗选择十分有限,晚期肝细胞癌及手术后复发的患者迫切需要新的治疗选择。研究者在本次大会上报道的纳武单抗研究观察时间较2017年6月24日发表于《柳叶刀》的文章中所陈述的观察时间延长了近一倍,为临床提供了更佳的疗效评价的依据。

免疫治疗是目前抗肿瘤治疗的热点,纳武单抗的获批无疑为接受过系统性治疗的晚期肝细胞癌患者提供了新的治疗选择,但该适应证获批后仍需要在后续的验证性试验中明确其临床获益。目前,纳武单抗在日本和美国获得快速审批,将来也有望为我国的这类肿瘤患者带来福音,但如何筛查特定有效的亚组治疗人群和进一步提高免疫治疗的疗效是未来需要解决的问题。

原始出处:

专家简介:
赵明
中山大学肿瘤防治中心主任医师、主诊教授、博士生导师,广州抗癌协会肿瘤微创治疗专业委员会副主任委员、中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)肝癌专家委员会委员、广东省中西医结合肿瘤专业委员会副主任委员,科技部专家库成员。
擅长微创介入局部治疗和器官水平治疗,并综合运用免疫治疗在原发性肝癌和肝脏转移性肿瘤、等实体肿瘤及相关疑难病症的诊治。近五年主持国家自然科学资金面上项目及省部级科研项目及国际多中心临床研究十余项,以第一作者、通讯作者Gut、Oncoimmunology,Radiology等国际本专业及消化道及肿瘤学杂志上发表论著三十余篇。

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    2018-07-14 tamgche
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    2018-01-19 snf701207
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    2018-09-19 海豹
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    2017-11-29 智智灵药
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    2017-11-29 lq1771
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    2017-11-27 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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