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亚洲超62万人研究显示,秀恩爱不会死得快,但单身会!全因死亡率升高62%!

2022-06-11 四五七 MedSci原创

JAMA Network Open:未婚者全因死亡风险比已婚者要高出15%,并且男性未婚者或小于65岁的未婚者死亡风险提高更为明显。

单身的人越来越多了,据民政部门统计,目前我国适婚单身人口已突破2亿人,独居成年人口超过7700万,与之相对应的是中国结婚率已降至20年来的最低点,离婚率陡增3倍。
 
图片
单身者一生放荡不羁爱自由,舍去了很多婚姻与家庭中的责任和压力,应该活得更轻松,然而事实却是未婚的人死亡风险往往高于已婚同龄人。
 
19世纪的西方学者倾向于用“婚姻选择论”来解释这一现象,认为人们在选择结婚对象时,更愿意选择那些更健康的伴侣,而不会选择那些在生理、精神方面有缺陷的人,也就是说,“被单身”的都是健康状况差的人,死亡风险高也就不足为奇了。
 
不过“婚姻选择论”并不总是正确,因为未婚人群中除了个别缺陷者,也有天才科学家的存在。受教育程度越高,平均预期寿命就越长,而恰恰是这群高学历人才,更不容易步入婚姻的殿堂。
 
因此,在“婚姻选择论”之后,又兴起了“婚姻保护论”,认为在婚姻中人们可以获得更多情感支持,有助于缓解压力、减轻孤独感;结婚之后,在伴侣的督促下,更有可能养成良好的生活习惯;当你生病时,伴侣会及时带你就诊……这些因素都是导致已婚者死亡风险低于未婚者的可能原因。
 
考虑到以往这类研究大都在西方国家开展,很少有亚洲地区的数据,那么,在受儒家文化熏陶、重视婚姻家庭关系的东亚地区,婚姻状态又会如何影响我们的死亡风险呢?
 
近期,来自日本癌症中心癌症控制所的科学家,从亚洲队列联盟(the Asia Cohort Consortium)收集了中、日、韩以及新加坡四个国家超过60万人婚姻和健康记录,通过分析得出,未婚者全因死亡风险比已婚者要高出15%,并且男性未婚者或小于65岁的未婚者死亡风险提高更为明显。该研究发表在JAMA Network Open。
 
注:亚洲队列联盟是一项对至少100万健康人进行长期随访的研究,重点关注亚洲人群的各种风险因素和健康结果。
 
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623140名参与者,包括326397名女性(52.4%)和296743名男性(47.6%),已婚者占比86.4%,平均入组年龄53.7岁,平均随访时间15.5年。
 
在随访期间,一共有123264名参与者去世,其中37394人死于循环系统疾病,8013人死于冠心病,14563人死于脑血管病,41362人死于癌症,13582人死于呼吸系统疾病,7795人死于意外事故。
 
与已婚者相比,未婚者全因死亡风险高出了15%,脑血管病死亡风险高出了12%,冠心病死亡风险高出了20%,循环系统疾病死亡风险高出了17%,癌症死亡风险高出了6%,呼吸系统疾病死亡风险高出了14%,意外事故死亡风险高出了19%。
 
如果将未婚者进一步细分为单身、分居、离婚和丧偶四种状态,与已婚者相比,单身者全因死亡风险提高了整整62个百分点,接下来依次为离婚者38%,分居者35%,丧偶者9%。在排除了随访前五年死亡的参与者后(避免因为参与者健康状况太差对研究结果造成影响),结论依然成立。
 
图片
不仅如此,在各种疾病的死亡风险上,也是单身者遥遥领先于其他未婚人群,看来“曾经拥有”还是比“终生孤独”对健康的不良影响要更小一些。
 
如果按性别划分进行分析,婚姻状况对男性健康的影响更为显著,和男性已婚者相比,男性未婚者的全因死亡风险提高了23%,而女性的婚姻状况与全因死亡风险并没有显著关联。
 
对此,研究人员给出的解释是:已婚的女性需要承担家务和养育子女,可能中和了部分婚姻带来的健康益处;而未婚的女性因为拥有更多的工作机会,经济稳定,由此产生健康益处抵消了未婚带来的健康损失。
 
除此之外,婚姻状况对死亡风险的影响,也与年龄相关,与同龄已婚者相比,65岁未婚者死亡风险明显高于65岁以上的未婚者,尤以65岁以下的单身者死亡风险提高最为显著(HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.54-2.08)
 
比起65岁以下的未婚者,显然,65岁以上的未婚老人获得亲属和社区的关心、支持的可能性要更大,一定程度上对老人的健康状况带来帮助。
 
总而言之,这项研究证实了婚姻确实影响着我们的健康,都说少年夫妻老来伴,在漫长的一生中,感谢枕边人的扶持与相伴,待我们垂垂老矣之时,也许会对此更有感悟。
 
最后,记得多多关爱单身的朋友,您的一份爱心,一份关怀,足以点燃一个单身汪的希望。

 

参考资料:

[1]Leung CY, Huang HL, Abe SK, et al. Association of Marital Status With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in Asia. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(5):e2214181. Published 2022 May 2. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.14181
[2]Goldman N. Marriage selection and mortality patterns: inferences and fallacies. Demography. 1993;30(2):189-208.

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    2022-06-12 achengzhao
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    2022-06-12 LaoYoung

    感谢老婆的救命之恩❤

    0

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    2022-06-12 1de02e83m55(暂无匿称)

    跟秀恩爱有什么关系?

    0

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1251583, encodeId=07021251583d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=874529332ba' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全因死亡率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29332, encryptionId=874529332ba, topicName=全因死亡率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=796422, createdName=lvliquan, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 13:36:08 CST 2022, time=2022-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1603921, encodeId=58e2160392176, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7849363362b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#单身#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36336, encryptionId=7849363362b, topicName=单身)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cc9719117260, createdName=achengzhao, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 13:36:08 CST 2022, time=2022-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1225933, encodeId=24f012259331b, content=感谢老婆的救命之恩❤, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8bea2097793, createdName=LaoYoung, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 09:57:28 CST 2022, time=2022-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1225930, encodeId=53a81225930f5, content=跟秀恩爱有什么关系?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20230114/c4d12c752c4d43f9875da3cf6ff02b08/917993c4e95e474a96a1289001963588.jpg, createdBy=ca951667545, createdName=1de02e83m55(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jun 12 09:33:57 CST 2022, time=2022-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1225773, encodeId=2e0b1225e7360, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8f275032126' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#期刊论坛#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50321, encryptionId=8f275032126, topicName=期刊论坛), TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b0825417521, createdName=ms6000000960504356, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 08:14:39 CST 2022, time=2022-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1225772, encodeId=a6611225e7236, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b0825417521, createdName=ms6000000960504356, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 08:14:31 CST 2022, time=2022-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-06-11 ms6000000960504356

    不错的文章

    0

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