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JAMA:低剂量“神药”阿司匹林预防子痫及相关发病率和死亡率

2021-10-05 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

子痫前期是影响孕妇的最严重的健康问题之一。

子痫前期是影响孕妇的最严重的健康问题之一。它是一种多系统的炎症综合征,通常是渐进式的,但病因不明确。在世界范围内,子痫前期是孕产妇发病和死亡的第二大原因。在美国,它是大约4%的妊娠的并发症,并导致产妇和婴儿的发病率和死亡率。子痫前期还占美国6%的早产和19%的医学指示性早产。

子痫前期的发病率和死亡率存在着种族和民族的差异。非西班牙裔黑人妇女患子痫前期的风险比其他妇女大,而且母婴发病率和围产期死亡率比其他种族和族裔群体高。在美国,非西班牙裔黑人妇女死于子痫前期的比率高于非西班牙裔白人妇女。

为了更新其2014年的建议,美国预防服务工作组(USPSTF)委托进行了一项系统性审查,以评估使用低剂量阿司匹林预防子痫前期的有效性。该研究选用有先兆子痫高风险的孕妇,且之前没有使用低剂量阿司匹林的不良反应或禁忌症。

有前次怀孕的子痫前期病史、1型或2型糖尿病、以及慢性高血压的人患子痫前期的风险最高。其他使人处于子痫前期高风险的情况包括多胎妊娠、使用辅助生殖技术受孕、自身免疫性疾病和肾脏疾病。其他与子痫前期风险增加有关的因素包括:无生育能力,怀孕前身体质量指数高,有子痫前期的家族史,以及产妇年龄大(35岁或以上)。此外,由于各种社会和健康方面的不平等,黑人患子痫前期的比例较高,而且出现严重并发症的风险也增加了。

使用阿司匹林预防子痫前期及相关发病率和死亡率

证据评估 USPSTF得出中等程度的结论,即每日使用低剂量阿司匹林对降低子痫前期、早产、小胎龄/宫内生长受限以及子痫前期高危孕妇围产期死亡的风险有很大的净效益。

为此,USPSTF建议妊娠12周后的子痫前期高危人群使用低剂量阿司匹林(81mg/d)作为子痫前期的预防用药。

参考文献:

US Preventive Services Task Force. Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2021;326(12):1186–1191. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14781

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1823757, encodeId=286b1823e5724, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b2873e9220e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发病率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37922, encryptionId=b2873e9220e, topicName=发病率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Sat Aug 20 12:26:05 CST 2022, time=2022-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1068206, encodeId=35c210682061f, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=10b65509612, createdName=小雨闲, createdTime=Mon Nov 08 19:38:30 CST 2021, time=2021-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1067440, encodeId=8b75106e44019, content=鼓励一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210427/493f0df1d64843c08a6b82df2ec3a16e/9b4a8ab3a3304eac957cba27a4779183.jpeg, createdBy=76aa3806739, createdName=Mario, createdTime=Fri Nov 05 23:39:38 CST 2021, time=2021-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1735632, encodeId=d6b21e3563222, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1ed3100299d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#预防子痫#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100299, encryptionId=1ed3100299d2, topicName=预防子痫)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ca7a33920950, createdName=qblt, createdTime=Wed Nov 10 15:26:05 CST 2021, time=2021-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1058351, encodeId=37f0105835127, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fc4d2208236, createdName=老龙一点, createdTime=Thu Oct 07 14:29:22 CST 2021, time=2021-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1480609, encodeId=d17114806096b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=647d2615939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#低剂量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26159, encryptionId=647d2615939, topicName=低剂量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=97b17641126, createdName=ms1292405679162969, createdTime=Thu Oct 07 13:26:05 CST 2021, time=2021-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1058040, encodeId=bfd01058040d4, content=很棒的软件, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=2f255526204, createdName=我思故我在2, createdTime=Wed Oct 06 08:47:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-08 小雨闲

    学习

    0

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    2021-11-05 Mario

    鼓励一下

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1823757, encodeId=286b1823e5724, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b2873e9220e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发病率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37922, encryptionId=b2873e9220e, topicName=发病率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Sat Aug 20 12:26:05 CST 2022, time=2022-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1068206, encodeId=35c210682061f, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=10b65509612, createdName=小雨闲, createdTime=Mon Nov 08 19:38:30 CST 2021, time=2021-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1067440, encodeId=8b75106e44019, content=鼓励一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210427/493f0df1d64843c08a6b82df2ec3a16e/9b4a8ab3a3304eac957cba27a4779183.jpeg, createdBy=76aa3806739, createdName=Mario, createdTime=Fri Nov 05 23:39:38 CST 2021, time=2021-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1735632, encodeId=d6b21e3563222, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1ed3100299d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#预防子痫#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100299, encryptionId=1ed3100299d2, topicName=预防子痫)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ca7a33920950, createdName=qblt, createdTime=Wed Nov 10 15:26:05 CST 2021, time=2021-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1058351, encodeId=37f0105835127, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fc4d2208236, createdName=老龙一点, createdTime=Thu Oct 07 14:29:22 CST 2021, time=2021-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1480609, encodeId=d17114806096b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=647d2615939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#低剂量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26159, encryptionId=647d2615939, topicName=低剂量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=97b17641126, createdName=ms1292405679162969, createdTime=Thu Oct 07 13:26:05 CST 2021, time=2021-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1058040, encodeId=bfd01058040d4, content=很棒的软件, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=2f255526204, createdName=我思故我在2, createdTime=Wed Oct 06 08:47:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-10 qblt
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1823757, encodeId=286b1823e5724, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b2873e9220e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发病率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37922, encryptionId=b2873e9220e, topicName=发病率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Sat Aug 20 12:26:05 CST 2022, time=2022-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1068206, encodeId=35c210682061f, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=10b65509612, createdName=小雨闲, createdTime=Mon Nov 08 19:38:30 CST 2021, time=2021-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1067440, encodeId=8b75106e44019, content=鼓励一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210427/493f0df1d64843c08a6b82df2ec3a16e/9b4a8ab3a3304eac957cba27a4779183.jpeg, createdBy=76aa3806739, createdName=Mario, createdTime=Fri Nov 05 23:39:38 CST 2021, time=2021-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1735632, encodeId=d6b21e3563222, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1ed3100299d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#预防子痫#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100299, encryptionId=1ed3100299d2, topicName=预防子痫)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ca7a33920950, createdName=qblt, createdTime=Wed Nov 10 15:26:05 CST 2021, time=2021-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1058351, encodeId=37f0105835127, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fc4d2208236, createdName=老龙一点, createdTime=Thu Oct 07 14:29:22 CST 2021, time=2021-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1480609, encodeId=d17114806096b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=647d2615939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#低剂量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26159, encryptionId=647d2615939, topicName=低剂量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=97b17641126, createdName=ms1292405679162969, createdTime=Thu Oct 07 13:26:05 CST 2021, time=2021-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1058040, encodeId=bfd01058040d4, content=很棒的软件, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=2f255526204, createdName=我思故我在2, createdTime=Wed Oct 06 08:47:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-07 老龙一点

    学习

    0

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    2021-10-06 我思故我在2

    很棒的软件

    0

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