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支撑喉镜下喉癌激光切除术后并发桡神经损伤1例

2018-09-30 蔡桂芬 李兆生 许海波 中国耳鼻喉头颈外科

患者,男,56岁,反复声嘶1年,加重2个月。于2016-10-19门诊电子喉镜检查示:双声带活动正常,喉后部黏膜充血明显,右声带下缘见假性声带沟,左声带见广基灰白色粗糙增生物,前靠近前连合,后接近声带突。电子喉镜下肿物活检病理:黏膜慢性炎症,鳞状上皮增生并角化不全,灶性中度不典型增生。拟左声带肿物收治入院。

临床资料 

患者,男,56岁,反复声嘶1年,加重2个月。于2016-10-19门诊电子喉镜检查示:双声带活动正常,喉后部黏膜充血明显,右声带下缘见假性声带沟,左声带见广基灰白色粗糙增生物,前靠近前连合,后接近声带突。电子喉镜下肿物活检病理:黏膜慢性炎症,鳞状上皮增生并角化不全,灶性中度不典型增生。拟左声带肿物收治入院。

术前血常规、尿常规、肝肾功能、血脂、电解质、凝血四项、胸片、心电图等辅助检查未见明显异常。喉CT扫描见左侧声带全程边缘毛糙,范围约14 mm×2.4 mm,前段可见一软组织突起,平扫CT值约37 HU,增强后三期分别为64、103、97 HU,可疑累及前连合;扫及所见C5/6椎间盘向后突出;CT提示:①左侧声带不规则增厚及局部软组织影(声门型喉癌,可疑累及前连合),②C5/6椎间盘突出。

术前诊断:①喉癌(声门型,T1N0M0),②反流性咽喉炎。2016-10-31气管插管全麻下,肩下垫枕,头后仰固定,胸前放置支撑架,双手臂置于架内外侧及床旁,先行支撑喉镜下喉肿物活检术,钳取部分左声带肿物送快速病理检查:高级别内瘤变,小灶癌变,遂决定行显微支撑喉镜下左声带激光切除术(术前已将手术方案与患者及家属充分沟通),包括左声带突、左室带及前连合整块切除,术中见肿物未累及前连合、声带突、喉室,取前连合处、外侧深部、声带后端等切缘送冰冻切片均未见癌细胞。手术顺利,持续约4小时。

术中麻醉满意,出血约10 ml。术后第一天早上查房时患者诉左手背伸不能,抓握无力,颈部酸痛不适,左肩部疼痛明显,无头痛、无肢体麻木感、无手臂肿痛不适,轻度咽喉痛,无舌麻木感,无味觉异常。回忆术中曾发现患者的左上肢从固定于身体旁床沿内位置外移至床沿外呈45°外展,发现后即嘱护士纠正;术中输液及血压监测袖带均位于右上肢;术中两次等候病理报告时未松解支撑喉镜;经再三追问病史,患者及家属否认既往患有颈肩痛及手臂麻木史,否认有类似发作史,无外伤史。

查体见左手腕、手指背伸活动受限,呈垂腕、垂指状态,左腋窝尖背部上方有一明显压痛点。伸舌居中,左软腭黏膜少量瘀斑。考虑术后并发左上肢周围神经损伤及颈肩软组织损伤,予抗炎、脱水、营养神经等处理。请骨科、神经内科会诊。

骨科会诊:颈椎生理曲度直,左上肢局部无明显压痛,无纵向叩击痛,左肩、肘关节活动无受限,左腕关节背伸活动受限,左手掌指指间关节活动受限,拇指内收、外展受限,左三角肌屈伸肌力正常,左腕背伸肌力4级,左手指肌力3级,左上肢皮肤感觉无异常,雷夫征阴性,考虑桡神经深支损伤可能,建议行左上肢肌电图、颈椎及左肩关节MR检查。

神经内科会诊:神志清楚,颅神经检查阴性,左上肢远端肌力3+级,近端肌力5级,余肢体肌力正常,建议脑血管MRA检查排除颅内病变所致。颅脑MRI未见明显异常,CE-MRA示双侧颈总、颈内动脉、椎-基动脉、双侧大脑前、中、后动脉管径等均未见明显狭窄。

颈椎及左肩关节MR检查见颈椎生理曲度变直,椎体不同程度骨质增生,C5/6椎间盘向后方局限性突出,相应硬膜囊受压,椎管狭窄,颈髓受压,C6/7椎间盘向后局限性突出,相应硬膜囊受压;椎旁软组织未见明显异常;左侧岗上肌腱信号增高,STIR上肩锁关节、喙肱韧带信号增高,关节腔见少量长T2积液影;MR提示①颈椎退行性变,C5/6椎间盘突出并膜性椎管狭窄;C6/7椎间盘突出;②左侧肩袖损伤、肩锁关节炎、喙肱韧带损伤、关节腔少量积液。

术后第8天骨科再次会诊:患者左腕关节及手指背伸活动较前改善,注意颈椎保护,建议加强颈椎、肩肌功能锻炼,避免剧烈运动,左肩关节制动休息,骨科门诊随访,完善肌电图检查。康复科会诊:建议针刺治疗。

术后第11天转康复科继续治疗。上肢桡神经彩超探查:左侧桡神经于桡神经沟段存在卡压可能。术后3周肌电图检查示左侧桡神经深支部分损伤。予行神经肌肉电刺激、普通针刺、功能性电刺激、针灸等治疗,左手食指、无名指活动乏力及左手掌背伸乏力均较前好转,2016-12-05出院。

2016-12-14我科复查见左手腕及手部活动均完全恢复,抓握正常,自觉与术前无异。术后左声带大块标本病理示高分化鳞状细胞癌,浸润固有层,切缘未见癌细胞。目前患者在术后随访中。

讨论

支撑喉镜手术时,由于患者自身原因,如牙列不齐、张口受限,或由于麻醉的原因如肌松不够、麻醉过浅,患者术中一过性无意识躁动;或由于医师的原因,如操作时动作粗暴、不规范、头后仰过度、手术时间过长等引起的压榨性舌下神经、舌神经损伤等喉外并发症,临床上已越来越受到重视。张正良报道在上肢周围神经中,桡神经最易遭受外伤。耳鼻咽喉科手术引起的周围神经损伤尚未见报道,但其他科因手术体位引起的桡神经损伤已有陆续文献报道。

本例患者仅表现为垂腕、垂指而无皮肤感觉障碍,无前臂疼痛,考虑术后并发骨间后神经综合征,遗憾的是未行前臂MRI检查。颅脑MRI及CE-MRA均未见明显异常,排除脑部异常引起的假性桡神经麻痹可能。

本例患者原患有无症状型颈椎间盘突出症,手术后出现桡神经深支损伤及肩袖损伤、肩锁关节炎、喙肱韧带损伤、关节腔积液等多处损伤实属罕见,考虑综合因素所致。

本病例术前喉部CT检查见C5/6椎间盘向后突出,并未引起重视,未积极采取预防措施,这与我们对本并发症的认识不够有关。

原始出处:

蔡桂芬,李兆生,许海波等. 支撑喉镜下喉癌激光切除术后并发桡神经损伤1例[J]. 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,2017,24(12):663-664.

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    2019-07-07 丁鹏鹏
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    2018-10-02 oliver169
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1758031, encodeId=150c1e580317c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=84ba49031f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#并发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49031, encryptionId=84ba49031f9, topicName=并发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a27e37327108, createdName=丁鹏鹏, createdTime=Sun Jul 07 06:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1877065, encodeId=f6af18e706541, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=67c5319121e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#切除术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31912, encryptionId=67c5319121e, topicName=切除术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9d8a96, createdName=doctorzheng, createdTime=Fri Aug 23 09:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1279722, encodeId=e8f412e9722a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=265c66e50ea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#激光#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66750, encryptionId=265c66e50ea, topicName=激光)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4fd6156, createdName=oliver169, createdTime=Tue Oct 02 05:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360784, encodeId=eb9c1360e84e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=795a4012140' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#喉癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40121, encryptionId=795a4012140, topicName=喉癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84fb152, createdName=xiongliangxl, createdTime=Tue Oct 02 05:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1397633, encodeId=71db139e63315, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoNX3lUOlDKGBUEPNwZx0nibmdcFyeibnX4WMhUSCU2REpGRWtSmnT2CCs0dA5waxvJknYDxwtYnIcQ/132, createdBy=294e2500218, createdName=ms3046638856685384, createdTime=Tue Oct 02 05:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584292, encodeId=04381584292f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ee6de4320c6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74320, encryptionId=ee6de4320c6, topicName=神经损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=771e17042997, createdName=LShY0906_98743849, createdTime=Tue Oct 02 05:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1758031, encodeId=150c1e580317c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=84ba49031f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#并发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49031, encryptionId=84ba49031f9, topicName=并发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a27e37327108, createdName=丁鹏鹏, createdTime=Sun Jul 07 06:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1877065, encodeId=f6af18e706541, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=67c5319121e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#切除术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31912, encryptionId=67c5319121e, topicName=切除术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9d8a96, createdName=doctorzheng, createdTime=Fri Aug 23 09:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1279722, encodeId=e8f412e9722a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=265c66e50ea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#激光#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66750, encryptionId=265c66e50ea, topicName=激光)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4fd6156, createdName=oliver169, createdTime=Tue Oct 02 05:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360784, encodeId=eb9c1360e84e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=795a4012140' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#喉癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40121, encryptionId=795a4012140, topicName=喉癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84fb152, createdName=xiongliangxl, createdTime=Tue Oct 02 05:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1397633, encodeId=71db139e63315, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoNX3lUOlDKGBUEPNwZx0nibmdcFyeibnX4WMhUSCU2REpGRWtSmnT2CCs0dA5waxvJknYDxwtYnIcQ/132, createdBy=294e2500218, createdName=ms3046638856685384, createdTime=Tue Oct 02 05:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584292, encodeId=04381584292f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ee6de4320c6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74320, encryptionId=ee6de4320c6, topicName=神经损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=771e17042997, createdName=LShY0906_98743849, createdTime=Tue Oct 02 05:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1758031, encodeId=150c1e580317c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=84ba49031f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#并发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49031, encryptionId=84ba49031f9, topicName=并发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a27e37327108, createdName=丁鹏鹏, createdTime=Sun Jul 07 06:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1877065, encodeId=f6af18e706541, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=67c5319121e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#切除术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31912, encryptionId=67c5319121e, topicName=切除术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9d8a96, createdName=doctorzheng, createdTime=Fri Aug 23 09:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1279722, encodeId=e8f412e9722a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=265c66e50ea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#激光#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66750, encryptionId=265c66e50ea, topicName=激光)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4fd6156, createdName=oliver169, createdTime=Tue Oct 02 05:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360784, encodeId=eb9c1360e84e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=795a4012140' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#喉癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40121, encryptionId=795a4012140, topicName=喉癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84fb152, createdName=xiongliangxl, createdTime=Tue Oct 02 05:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1397633, encodeId=71db139e63315, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoNX3lUOlDKGBUEPNwZx0nibmdcFyeibnX4WMhUSCU2REpGRWtSmnT2CCs0dA5waxvJknYDxwtYnIcQ/132, createdBy=294e2500218, createdName=ms3046638856685384, createdTime=Tue Oct 02 05:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584292, encodeId=04381584292f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ee6de4320c6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74320, encryptionId=ee6de4320c6, topicName=神经损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=771e17042997, createdName=LShY0906_98743849, createdTime=Tue Oct 02 05:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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