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Frontiers in Nutrition:多吃小米,有助于改善血糖

2021-07-30 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

粟在中国北方俗称小米,是中国古代的主要粮食作物。

据估计,到 2045 年,全球糖尿病患者将激增 51%,从 2019 年的 4.63 亿增加到 2045 年的 7 亿,其中 2 型糖尿病约占总数的 90%,而87% 的糖尿病相关死亡发生在主食多样化程度较低的低收入和中等收入国家。值得注意的是,除了久坐不动的生活方式和肥胖之外,饮食在糖尿病中也起着关键作用。

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精制大米、精制小麦和玉米等主食占发展中国家能量摄入量的 80%在大多数发展中国家,主食多样化和将传统的营养丰富且糖原含量较低的主食纳入尿病管理和预防糖非常重要,尤其是小米和高粱排在首位。近日,发表在Frontiers in Nutrition杂志的一项研究显示,吃小米可以降低患2型糖尿病的风险,并有助于控制糖尿病患者的血糖水平,这表明以小米为基础的食物有助于改善糖尿病患者和糖尿病前期患者以及非糖尿病患者的血糖。

在这项研究中,研究人员使用PubMedMEDLINEClinicalTrials.gov以及Scopus等数据库检索了来自1950 年到 2020 年已发表的80多项研究,最终纳入65项研究进行荟萃分析,分析关键结果包括低血糖指数 (GI)餐后血糖水平、胰岛素指数和 HbA1c

从描述性统计中可以明显看出,小米的平均 GI 52.7±10.3,比精米(71.7±14.4)和精制小麦(74.2±14.9)的典型主食低约 36%具有中等GI值(5569)的小米是珍珠小米、手指小米、科多小米、小米和高粱,它们的GI值比高GI值(>69)低13-35%

小米血糖指数变化.

长期食用小米能显著降低糖尿病患者的空腹和餐后血糖水平(P < 0.01),分别为12%15%。在长期食用小米的糖尿病前期患者中,HbA1c水平明显降低(从6.65±0.4降至5.67±0.4%)(p < 0.01)。

长期食用小米的糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的变化.

研究人员还发现,与精米和精制小麦相比,经过简单加工的小米在降低膳食GI方面的效果要好30%。所有的烹饪方法都提高了GI值特别是,蒸、烤和煮,最高增加了分别为18.4、16.3和11.3个单位。这是由于在不同类型的烹饪中添加了其他成分,如脂肪和油。尽管如此,小米的总GI值为52.7,仍比较低。总之,小米对控制和减少糖尿病的风险是有益的,因此可以用来为糖尿病和糖尿病前期患者以及非糖尿病患者设计膳食,以达到预防的目的。

研究者表示,半世纪前,小米和高粱在世界许多地方都被用作主食谷物。与玉米、精米和精制小麦粉等其他谷物相比,小米和预防 2 型糖尿病方面具有广阔的前景。这项系统评价和荟萃分析证实,所评估的小米在饮食管理和预防糖尿病方面具有强大的潜力。

原始出处

Seetha Anitha et al, A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Potential of Millets for Managing and Reducing the Risk of Developing Diabetes MellitusFrontiers in Nutrition (2021). DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.687428

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    2022-06-26 1482963am12暂无昵称

    知道了

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1228811, encodeId=09c912288117f, content=知道了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2020/02/15/7274ed1be4747d648e4e2f7f62fae403.jpg, createdBy=d8d65273314, createdName=1482963am12暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 18:45:09 CST 2022, time=2022-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1878389, encodeId=4d9218e838906, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c157696175' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ERS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6961, encryptionId=c157696175, topicName=ERS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e93e105, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Tue Aug 24 12:44:31 CST 2021, time=2021-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1661655, encodeId=cf4d166165592, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b3c1315481' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#nutrition#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13154, encryptionId=1b3c1315481, topicName=nutrition)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6f0d25331316, createdName=膀胱癌, createdTime=Sun Nov 14 06:44:31 CST 2021, time=2021-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005969, encodeId=5d0b100596900, content=如果可以通过饮食来降低糖尿病的发病率,好事一桩。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210804/5785b262ac614e2787c8b09e8d8ae840/5cf1162cd10d42bc817ae4b32662d7f8.jpg, createdBy=c27d4938136, createdName=小小的丁香花, createdTime=Sun Aug 08 09:58:38 CST 2021, time=2021-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003997, encodeId=70f9100399ea1, content=小米怎么吃, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d8795560653, createdName=ms8000000116760340, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 21:29:02 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003858, encodeId=0b45100385836, content=小米mi有点贵吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18df2566800, createdName=妙酒, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 13:42:35 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-24 anminleiryan
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    2021-08-08 小小的丁香花

    如果可以通过饮食来降低糖尿病的发病率,好事一桩。

    0

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    2021-07-30 ms8000000116760340

    小米怎么吃

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1228811, encodeId=09c912288117f, content=知道了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2020/02/15/7274ed1be4747d648e4e2f7f62fae403.jpg, createdBy=d8d65273314, createdName=1482963am12暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 18:45:09 CST 2022, time=2022-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1878389, encodeId=4d9218e838906, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c157696175' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ERS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6961, encryptionId=c157696175, topicName=ERS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e93e105, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Tue Aug 24 12:44:31 CST 2021, time=2021-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1661655, encodeId=cf4d166165592, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b3c1315481' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#nutrition#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13154, encryptionId=1b3c1315481, topicName=nutrition)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6f0d25331316, createdName=膀胱癌, createdTime=Sun Nov 14 06:44:31 CST 2021, time=2021-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005969, encodeId=5d0b100596900, content=如果可以通过饮食来降低糖尿病的发病率,好事一桩。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210804/5785b262ac614e2787c8b09e8d8ae840/5cf1162cd10d42bc817ae4b32662d7f8.jpg, createdBy=c27d4938136, createdName=小小的丁香花, createdTime=Sun Aug 08 09:58:38 CST 2021, time=2021-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003997, encodeId=70f9100399ea1, content=小米怎么吃, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d8795560653, createdName=ms8000000116760340, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 21:29:02 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003858, encodeId=0b45100385836, content=小米mi有点贵吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18df2566800, createdName=妙酒, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 13:42:35 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-07-30 妙酒

    小米mi有点贵吧

    0

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