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LEUKEMIA RESEARCH:符合移植条件的多发性骨髓瘤患者自体干细胞移植前后肿瘤负荷参数与临床预后关系的回顾性分析

2021-12-06 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在MM的新药时代,ASCT前降低血清m蛋白≥90%与PFS的改善相关。该结果还提示,移植后早期的dFLC可预测其预后

多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是一种以单克隆浆细胞增殖为特征的血液系统恶性肿瘤,约占所有血液系统恶性肿瘤的10%,随着免疫调节药物和蛋白酶体抑制剂等新药的发展,MM的预后得到了显著改善,但治愈方法仍不明确。

用大剂量美法伦诱导自体干细胞移植(ASCT)治疗4-6个疗程后,建议收集外周血干细胞。随后,MM患者移植后维持一段时间。但目前还没有任何随机对照试验评估了诱导周期的最佳数量,或确定了ASCT前所需的理想反应深度。一国外研究团队回顾性检查了 57 名在研究机构接受自体干细胞移植 (ASCT) 的多发性骨髓瘤患者。

受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析显示,ASCT前定量血清单克隆蛋白(M蛋白)的降低率和ASCT后30天参与和未参与游离轻链(dFLC)的差异分别为最大所有患者的预测值(曲线下面积 [AUC] 分别为 0.791 和 0.660)。

图1:所有患者血清:M蛋白(a、e)、绝对免疫球蛋白(b、f)、iFLC(c、g)和dFLC(d、h)的无进展生存曲线分析。(a-d)从诊断到ASCT的总减少,(e-h)从诊断到ASCT的每月减少。

图2:Kaplan-Meier估计了ASCT后30天血清(a)蛋白减少率和dFLC的所有患者(a,b)和无法达到VGPR(c)的患者的无进展生存期(b,c)。

基于基于ROC曲线的肿瘤负荷参数截断值,高血清M蛋白降低(≥90%)组的无进展生存期(PFS)显着优于低血清M蛋白降低组( <90 %)(2 年 PFS 79.5 % 对比 17.0 %,p < 0.001),但低 (<5.2 mg/L) 和高 (≥5.2 mg/L) dFLC 组之间的 PFS 没有显着差异(2 年 PFS,72.0 % 与 46.0 %;p = 0.149)。

表:ASCT前后PFS的单因素和多因素分析(所有患者,ASCT前未达到VGPR的患者)。

多变量分析确定血清 M 蛋白的降低是 ASCT 前 PFS 的独立预测因素(风险比 [HR] 0.287,p = 0.022)和 ASCT 后第 30 天高 dFLC 的 PFS(HR 3.902,p = 0.040) 。

本研究分析了ASCT前后MM的肿瘤负荷参数,以确定其与患者预后的关系,并表明PFS优于血清m蛋白降低率≥为90%的患者,即那些在ASCT前达到VGPR的患者。此外,ASCT后早期dFLC低于一定水平(<5.2-6.3mg/L)的患者也往往有良好的预后。ASCT前肿瘤负荷最重要的预后指标不是iFLC或dFLC,而是通过血清蛋白电泳定量的血清M蛋白量。这一发现与IMWG反应标准相一致,该标准强调了M蛋白定量的重要性,并允许使用dFLC来评估没有血清和尿液M蛋白水平可测量的患者的反应。

综上所述,在MM的新药时代,ASCT前降低血清m蛋白≥90%与PFS的改善相关。该结果还提示,移植后早期的dFLC可预测其预后。这些发现应该在大量的患者队列中得到验证,同时包括MRD作为一个参数。

 

原始出处:

Minakata D,Fujiwara SI,Murahashi R,et al.Relationship of tumor load parameters before and after autologous stem cell transplantation with clinical prognosis in transplant-eligible patients with multiple myeloma: A retrospective analysis.[J].Leuk Res,1970,:106750.

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    2022-04-02 jml2009
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    2021-12-15 清漩
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研究结果强调了感染对NRM的影响,并呼吁对CAR-T细胞诱导的造血抑制进行进一步的机制研究,以及临床监测和管理策略,以减轻感染风险,改善CAR-T细胞治疗的发展前景。

【AJH】多发性骨髓瘤串联移植后的第二原发恶性肿瘤分析

为了评估SPM的发生率和特征及其对OS的后续影响,以及与单次自体造血干细胞移植相比,串联自体造血干细胞移植是否与SPM风险升高有关,学者对四项试验中接受治疗的1379例新诊断MM患者进行了回顾性分析。

【Nat Cancer】检查点抑制剂治疗多发性骨髓瘤,王者归来?

Dhodapkar等开展的一项研究近日证实,重度经治MM患者在阻断检查点TIGIT和LAG3后免疫微环境发生明显变化且疗效显著,或许标志着ICI在MM治疗中实现崛起。

2024 NICE 技术鉴定指南:塞利尼索联合地塞米松治疗4次或4次以上治疗后复发或难治性多发性骨髓瘤 [TA970]

英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE,National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) · 2024-05-08

2024 IMWG共识指南建议:T细胞结合双特异性抗体治疗多发性骨髓瘤的最佳应用

国际骨髓瘤工作组(IMWG,International Myeloma Working Group) · 2024-05-03

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