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Nat Genet:发现难治性肿瘤的可靶向突变

2014-01-15 佚名 生物通

由麻省总医院(MGH)、Brigham妇女医院(BWH)和Broad研究所领导的一个研究小组,发现与几个癌症类型相关的一种基因突变有可能也导致了另一种罕见的脑瘤:乳头型颅咽管瘤(papillary craniopharyngioma)。他们的研究发现有可能促成新疗法来对抗这种目前难以治疗的肿瘤,相关论文在线发表在《自然遗传学》(Nature Genetics)杂志上。

由麻省总医院(MGH)、Brigham妇女医院(BWH)和Broad研究所领导的一个研究小组,发现与几个癌症类型相关的一种基因突变有可能也导致了另一种罕见的脑瘤:乳头型颅咽管瘤(papillary craniopharyngioma)。他们的研究发现有可能促成新疗法来对抗这种目前难以治疗的肿瘤,相关论文在线发表在《自然遗传学》(Nature Genetics)杂志上。

论文的共同通讯作者、麻省总医院癌症中心及Broad研究所Priscilla Brastianos博士说:“发现以往描述于黑色素瘤和其他脑肿瘤中的相同BRAF突变,似乎也驱动了这些肿瘤的生长,我们感到非常高兴。BRAF抑制剂在治疗具有这一突变且罹患其他肿瘤的患者时显示出极好的前景,我们希望能够很快在乳头型颅咽管瘤患者中评估这些药物,期望能减小这一疾病的严重后果。”

颅咽管瘤发生在邻近垂体、下丘脑和其他重要大脑结构的颅底。尽管它们并非侵袭性肿瘤,但由于它们的定位,可以严重地危害视觉和其他神经系统及内分泌功能。这些肿瘤紧贴大脑结构,往往给手术切除带来挑战,放疗则可引起血管异常或其他的肿瘤。

颅咽管瘤可分为两个亚型:釉质型在儿童中较常见,而乳头型肿瘤通常见于成人。近期的一些研究将一种称作为CTNNB1的癌基因突变与釉质型关联到一起,但在这项研究之前,没有任何关于乳头型分子驱动因子的信息。为了搜寻有可能与乳头型相关的突变,该研究小组首先对15个颅咽管瘤,包括12个釉质型肿瘤和3个乳头型肿瘤进行了全外显子组测序。在12个釉质型肿瘤样本中发现有11个存在以往鉴别的CTNNB1突变,第一次研究人员在3个乳头型肿瘤中确定了已知的肿瘤相关性BRAF突变。

研究人员通过对来自另外95名患者的肿瘤样品进行定向基因分型,追踪了这一研究发现。在所测试的乳头型肿瘤中94%的具有BRAF突变,而96%的釉质型肿瘤具有CTNNB1突变。研究人员还证实,两种肿瘤类型都具有极少的其他突变,BRAF或CTNNB1突变分别存在于两种亚型所有肿瘤细胞中,表明它们发生于肿瘤形成早期。

论文的共同通讯作者、Brigham妇女医院病理科Sandro Santagata 博士说:“目前尚没有针对颅咽管瘤的药物疗法,但已有一些阻断BRAF信号转导的有效化合物在手。因此我们非常希望这些靶向性治疗能够显著地改变对这些肿瘤的控制。接下来应该在颅咽管瘤中检测在当前一些临床试验中应用的CTNNB1控制信号通路的抑制剂,我们计划挑选出在抗黑色素瘤中显示出有前景研究结果的BARF抑制剂,评估它们在治疗乳头型颅咽管瘤中的效应。”

原文出处:

Priscilla K Brastianos, Amaro Taylor-Weiner, Peter E Manley,Robert T Jones,Dora Dias-Santagata, Aaron R Thorner,Michael S Lawrence,Fausto J Rodriguez, Lindsay A Bernardo, Laura Schubert, Ashwini Sunkavalli,Nick Shillingford,Monica L Calicchio,Hart G W Lidov, Hala Taha,Maria Martinez-Lage, Mariarita Santi, Phillip B Storm, John Y K Lee,James N Palmer, Nithin D Adappa, R Michael Scott,Ian F Dunn, Edward R Laws Jr,Chip Stewart.Exome sequencing identifies BRAF mutations in papillary craniopharyngiomas.Nature Genetics  12 January 2014 doi:10.1038/ng.2868

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    2014-03-11 canlab
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    2014-01-15 cy0324
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