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从入选主席研讨会到燃爆全球,听WCLC大会主席吴一龙教授谈胸膜间皮瘤治疗新突破

2020-09-16 免疫时间 生物探索

免疫治疗方案在经过不断地优化和调整后,在多个临床研究中均表现出高度的安全性。在该研究中,纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗的安全性与既往报道的研究结果一致,未观察到新的安全性信号。

在新冠疫情的影响下,为避免大规模的人员聚集,今年国际各大肿瘤相关学术会议主办方纷纷采取取消、定期或不定期延期、进行线上虚拟会议等方式应对疫情带来的影响。由国际肺癌研究协会(IASLC)主办的2020年第21届世界肺癌大会(WCLC 2020)也不例外,原定于8月9日至12日在新加坡举行的大会在稍早时也宣布推迟至2021年1月28日至31日通过虚拟会议线上举行。

不过,与其他延期的学术会议不同,WCLC特意在8月8日举行了在线主席研讨会(IASLC WCLC 2020 Virtual Presidential Symposium)。既然已延期举行,为何还要把主席研讨会提前?带着这个疑问,笔者向WCLC 2020大会主席、广东省人民医院终身主任吴一龙教授请教。

吴一龙 教授2020年世界肺癌大会(WCLC )主席广东省人民医院终身主任,肿瘤学教授、博士生导师、IASLC杰出科学奖获得者,2018-2019年临床医学领域全球高被引科学家,广东省肺癌研究所(GLCI)名誉所长,广东省肺癌转化医学重点实验室主任,吴阶平基金会肿瘤医学部会长,中国医师协会精准医学专委会副主任委员,广东省临床试验协会(GACT)会长,中国胸部肿瘤研究协作组(CTONG)主席,广东省医学会肺部肿瘤学会主任委员,中国临床肿瘤学会前任理事长,现指导委员会主任委员。

一个将改变临床实践的试验

“判断一个临床试验的重要性,就在于它能不能改变我们的临床实践。”吴一龙教授透露,原本WCLC 2020的主席研讨会计划与主会一样,于明年1月份同步举办,“但在这次WCLC的众多投稿中,我们发现有几项临床研究的结果非常突出,应当尽快向业内同行公布。为此我们商议在8月专门举办一场线上主席研讨会,公布这些重磅结果。”

吴教授表示,摘要的筛选过程是非常严格的,会务组会邀请相关专家对于投稿LBA(Late Breaking News)的多份研究摘要进行盲评打分,而后再进行汇总,由主席会议综合评定研究的意义、对临床实践的影响、是否具有广泛代表性等等,最终才遴选出在主席研讨会上发布的报告。

在所有提交的报告中,纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗一线治疗晚期恶性胸膜间皮瘤(MPM)的CheckMate-743研究引起了评审团队的极大关注。“假若这项研究能获得阳性结果,将对恶性胸膜间皮瘤临床实践产生重大影响。”WCLC 2020大会主席吴一龙教授如是说,“而事实上,CheckMate-743果然不负众望,在众多研究摘要中脱颖而出,并成为主席研讨会公布的3个研究中反响最为热烈的一项。”

作为一种沿着胸膜生长、罕见且具有高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,MPM的发病与石棉暴露高度相关。然而大多数患者因诊断延误,在确诊时疾病已经进展或已发生转移。恶性胸膜间皮瘤的预后一般较差,在化疗药物问世之初,其客观缓解率(ORR)只有4%-15%,并不令人满意。直到2004年,培美曲塞与铂类的联合使用才使MPM的治疗缓解率有了一定提升,但患者的生存期仍然未能得到明显延长。数据显示,既往未经治疗的晚期或转移性MPM患者的中位生存期不足一年,五年生存率不足10%。并且自2004年培美曲塞联合顺铂获批一线治疗以来,10余年来没有任何新的系统性治疗手段获批。

此次公布的CheckMate-743的试验结果,证实了纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗能够显着改善既往未经治疗的、不可切除的恶性胸膜间皮瘤患者的总生存期(OS),对于MPM的治疗而言是一大突破。

据悉,该研究结果发布后引起了业界的广泛讨论,多位国际肺癌专家点评,认为恶性胸膜间皮瘤迎来了重大突破,有望改变未来的临床治疗决策。

契合减少化疗的大方向

“目前临床上,对于包括MPM在内的胸部肿瘤都有一个趋势——尽量减少化疗,甚至在一线免化疗。”在WCLC 2020大会主席吴一龙教授看来,免疫治疗方案也正趋于低剂量、间隔周期长、少化疗甚至无化疗。“而CheckMate-743是第一个采用无化疗方案来与化疗头对头进行对比的胸膜间皮瘤一线治疗方案。“

CheckMate-743旨在评估与标准化疗(培美曲塞联合顺铂或卡铂)相比,纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗用于既往未经治疗的恶性胸膜间皮瘤(MPM;n=605)患者的治疗效果。在该临床研究中,303名患者接受每两周一次纳武利尤单抗(3mg/kg)及每六周一次伊匹木单抗(1mg/kg)治疗,最长治疗时间24个月,或至出现疾病进展或不可耐受毒性。302名患者以21天为周期接受顺铂(75 mg/m2)或卡铂(AUC 5)联合培美曲塞(500 mg/m2)治疗,持续六个周期,直至出现疾病进展或不可耐受毒性。试验的主要终点为所有随机分组患者的总生存期(OS),关键次要终点包括客观缓解率(ORR)、疾病控制率(DCR)和无进展生存期(PFS)。

CheckMate-743研究的生存曲线

该研究在8月8日WCLC 2020的主席研讨会公布了试验结果,证实纳武利尤单抗注射液联合伊匹木单抗能够显着改善既往未经治疗的、不可切除的恶性胸膜间皮瘤患者的总生存期(OS)。

在吴一龙教授看来,PD-1单抗联合CTLA-4单抗具有协同作用机制,双管齐下能够发挥更好的效果。而CheckMate-743也的确不负众望。研究结果提示,最短随访22个月时,联合治疗能降低患者死亡风险26%,这对于MPM的临床治疗是一个很大的亮点。另外,患者的中位OS为18.1个月,而化疗组为14.1个月。“CheckMate-743将OS提高了4个月,这对于高侵袭性的恶性肿瘤来说是一个非常不错的结果。”

无论组织学类型均可获益

此次发布的CheckMate-743的III期临床研究还有一个亮点:使用纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗治疗的非上皮型和上皮型胸膜间皮瘤患者的生存期均有改善,并且在非上皮型患者亚组中观察到的获益更大。在双免疫联合治疗组中,上皮型和非上皮型患者的中位OS分别为18.7个月和18.1个月,而在化疗组中,对应患者的中位OS分别为16.5个月和8.8个月(上皮型亚组HR: 0.86 [95% CI: 0.69, 1.08];非上皮型亚组HR:0.46 [95% CI: 0.31, 0.68])。

上皮型MPM亚组(左)和非上皮型MPM亚组(右)的OS

吴一龙教授指出,过去组织学类型是恶性胸膜间皮瘤公认的预后因素,非上皮型通常预后更差,而CheckMate-743证实了双免疫方案中非上皮型患者的获益更大,提示对于这部分患者,免疫治疗可能存在更大的潜力。考虑到双免疫治疗既往在其他瘤种表现出的长拖尾效应,吴一龙教授也对MPM领域双免疫治疗的长生存充满信心。

有望成为MPM一线治疗新标准

免疫疗法的一大优势是:一旦起效,持续性往往较好,这也再次在CheckMate-743研究中得的证明。在肿瘤缓解的疗效评估方面,值得注意的是,双免疫治疗展现出持久的疗效,其中位缓解持续时间(mDoR)延长至化疗组的近两倍,为11.0 vs 6.7个月。长期随访结果显示,在使用双免疫治疗首次评估获得缓解的患者中约三分之一(32%)的患者缓解持续时间达到2年,而相比之下化疗组只有8%。

CheckMate-743研究的DoR结果

值得一提的是,免疫治疗方案在经过不断地优化和调整后,在多个临床研究中均表现出高度的安全性。在该研究中,纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗的安全性与既往报道的研究结果一致,未观察到新的安全性信号。“在双免疫治疗中,伊匹木单抗剂量从常规3mg/kg调整到了1mg/kg,使用周期也从每3周一次延长到了每6周一次,在保证疗效的同时,安全性也得到了兼顾。”

“基于CheckMate-743的研究数据,纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗的双免疫治疗方案,很有可能会成为MPM的一线治疗新标准。”

谈及未来发展,吴一龙教授强调,CheckMate-743双免疫治疗方案中,国内目前只有PD-1抑制剂纳武利尤单抗,当务之急是需要加快CTLA-4抑制剂伊匹木单抗的上市,否则对于MPM患者而言,双免疫的新治疗策略将变为空中楼阁,难以有实际的获益。

另外,由于目前尚未有免疫肿瘤药物在中国大陆获批用于治疗胸膜间皮瘤,吴一龙教授提醒,除了亟须解决药物可及性的问题外,临床需要累积更多对罕见且高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤的诊疗经验,并在下一步考虑探索双免疫治疗在更多其他瘤种中的应用。值得一提的是,目前纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗已在六个不同瘤种中显示出临床获益,包括为其中两种胸部肿瘤带来优于化疗的持续且显着的生存获益。

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    2021-07-07 kcb069
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    2021-05-18 lifestar
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