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宫颈平滑肌瘤致青春期阴道流血1例

2018-12-24 郭亚洁 马志山 张培海 现代妇产科进展

患者, 13 岁,因“阴道不规则流血 2 年,加重 10 天”于 2017 年12 月25 日收入院。患者11 岁月经初潮,阴道流血7 ~20 天,间隔 2~ 5 天,量时多时少。曾自行口服止血药( 具 体用药不详) ,阴道流血稍减少,后再次出现不规则阴道流 血。2 周前因阴道流血增多伴头晕乏力就诊于外院,考虑青 春期功血

1 病例简介

患者, 13 岁,因“阴道不规则流血 2 年,加重 10 天”于 2017 年12 月25 日收入院。患者11 岁月经初潮,阴道流血7 ~20 天,间隔 2~ 5 天,量时多时少。曾自行口服止血药( 具 体用药不详) ,阴道流血稍减少,后再次出现不规则阴道流 血。2 周前因阴道流血增多伴头晕乏力就诊于外院,考虑青 春期功血,给予人工周期序贯治疗,同时输血纠正贫血,后阴 道流血减少出院。10 天前再次出现阴道流血,量较多,口服 雌激素阴道流血无减少,遂就诊于我院。彩超示: 子宫内膜 厚 7mm,宫颈外口处探及范围约 52mm×32mm 的不均质回声 团块。经患者及家属同意,行阴道检查,触及阴道内实性肿 物,约 6cm×4cm 大,质软。血红蛋白 91g/L。患者既往身体 健康,无手术及外伤史,无药物及食物过敏史。入院查体: T 36.7℃, P 96 次/分, R 19/分, Bp 96/69mmHg,贫血貌,心肺听 诊无异常,腹部平软,无压痛及反跳痛,肝脾肋下未触及,移 动性浊音阴性。征得患者及家属同意行妇科检查: 外阴发育 正常,处女膜完整、松弛,阴道内见实性肿物,大小 6cm×4cm, 葡萄样、不规则、质软、触血阳性,蒂部位于宫颈管,子宫大小 正常,双附件未触及异常。初步诊断: 宫颈肿物。入院后积 极完善相关辅助检查,血液分析、血凝、肝肾功、血糖、肿瘤标 记物均无明显异常。盆腔核磁共振检查: 宫颈阴道部示菜花 状软组织肿块,呈 T1WI 低、 T2WI 高信号, DWI 呈高信号,增 强扫描呈明显不均匀强化,边缘强化显著,上缘局部突向宫 颈管,下缘大部突向阴道,与阴道壁接线较清,子宫直肠陷凹 示少量 T1WI、 T2WI 高信号。宫体、膀胱、直肠未见异常,双 侧附件区及宫旁未见异常信号,盆腔内未见增大的淋巴结。 提示:宫颈阴道部占位,肿瘤可能性大,盆腔少量积液。先行 宫颈肿物活检术,病理结果回报:结合免疫组化,符合平滑肌 瘤伴粘液样变。免疫组化: Vimentin( +) , Desmin( +) , SMA ( +) , CD10( -) , S-100( -) , Ki 阳性率<5%。向患者家属讲 明病情,拟行宫颈肿物切除术。术中见: 处女膜完整、松弛, 小号拉钩暴露宫颈,见宫颈被动扩张,宫颈口见一肿物,约 6cm×4.5cm 大,蒂部位于宫颈内口,质软,形态不规则,牵拉肿物,于肿物蒂部以组织剪分次完整切除,查无出血。消毒 宫颈口及阴道,处女膜缘完整无破损,松弛。术后病理诊断: 宫颈平滑肌瘤伴黏液样变。术后患者恢复好,无阴道流血及 排液,痊愈出院。

2 讨 论

青春期女性阴道流血的原因很多,以青春期功血最常 见。青春期功血的治疗原则以止血、调整周期为治疗原则。 宫颈肌瘤属于一种特殊的子宫良性肿瘤,由于子宫颈的平滑 肌成分较宫体部少,故宫颈肌瘤较少见。宫颈平滑肌瘤致阴 道流血以育龄期妇女多见,青春期女性少见。宫颈肌瘤按生 长的部位分四种类型: 前壁、后壁、侧壁和悬垂壁( 黏膜下) 。 一些巨大的宫颈肌瘤从下方可对宫颈前、后唇产生挤压并堵 塞阴道,甚至使宫颈发生严重变形。宫颈肌瘤多为单发,导 致子宫颈单侧增大。病变可从子宫颈管突出,类似子宫颈息 肉,需与子宫颈息肉鉴别。子宫颈息肉是最常见的子宫颈赘 生物,呈圆形或长条形,表面光滑或分叶状,常常因为血管增 生而呈红色。大多数息肉是单发的,大小从几个毫米至 2、 3cm 不等。一些少见的病例中息肉体积巨大,突出于阴道 口。本例患者宫颈肿物外观与普通子宫平滑肌瘤不同,呈葡 萄样、质软、形态不规则,触血阳性。需与阴道的恶性肿瘤相 鉴别。婴儿和儿童最常见的阴道恶性肿瘤示胚胎性横纹肌 肉瘤,大部分病例为葡萄状肉瘤亚型。一般表现为阴道肿块 或阴道出血,由于肿块在空腔器官的腔道内生长相对不受 限,形成了息肉状的大体形态。
综上所述,宫颈肌瘤致青春期阴道流血临床少见,易漏 诊、误诊。对于青春期阴道流血的患者
,应仔细询问病史,结 合影像学检查,必要时征求患者及家属同意的前提下行阴道 检查。本例患者宫颈肌瘤外观与普通平滑肌瘤不同,为确保 手术的准确性,应先行肿物活检术,根据病理结果再行宫颈 肌瘤切除术。

原始出处:

郭亚洁,马志山,张培海. 宫颈平滑肌瘤致青春期阴道流血1例[J]. 现代妇产科进展,2018,27(09):720.

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    2018-12-31 zyh4018

    适時的高水平的宫腔镜技术是解決這类疾病最佳选择。

    0

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    2018-12-26 一闲
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