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一种罕见却致命的药物副作用导致胸片上粟粒样结节

2018-12-30 郑丹丹 医博士

患者男,37岁,既往有外周血管疾病,I型糖尿病,高血压和抑郁症,由于间歇性胸痛和进展性呼吸困难于急诊就诊。患者否认静脉用药,承认口服大麻。

口服药物注射使用可能会造成肺异物结节,这些药物异常在器官的积聚会引发免疫反应。这种临床现象并不常见,处理较为棘手,本文陈述了一例因呼吸困难就诊的患者,CT上出现了多发粟粒样结节。

病例介绍

患者男,37岁,既往有外周血管疾病,I型糖尿病高血压和抑郁症,由于间歇性胸痛和进展性呼吸困难于急诊就诊。患者否认静脉用药,承认口服大麻。

查体示患者室内氧饱和度86%,其余生命体征平稳。患者呼吸急促,双侧肺可闻及细湿啰音。查血示血常规正常,尿检阿片类药物阳性。由于患者持续低氧,故加查D-Dimer,结果为异常升高。

给患者加了肺CTA来排除肺栓塞,CTA排除了肺栓塞的可能,但是发现双侧肺野有多发粟粒样结节。初步判断可疑粟粒样结核或真菌感染。HIV、真菌和结核干扰素测试均为阴性。新功能测试和自身抗体检测也没有异常。

为缓解症状,开始给患者使用静脉激素和吸入式沙丁胺醇,但是效果不佳,因此安排了支气管镜来找出患者的病因。支气管镜肺组织活检显示血管周边多发粟粒样异物结节,组织活检高度怀疑微晶纤维素材料。活检未见真菌或分支杆菌的感染证据。

在追问患者后,患者承认曾静脉注射口服用阿片类药物。继续给患者使用静脉激素,但是患者症状未见好转。随后由于患者情况的持续恶化,开始使用呼吸机,最终由于心脏骤停,患者去世。


CTA发现双侧肺野有多发粟粒样结节


肺组织活检显示血管周边多发粟粒样异物结节,组织活检高度怀疑微晶纤维素材料

讨论及小结

在此案例中,患者将片状药物碾碎后溶于水中注射,无法溶解的颗粒沉积于肺组织导致肺动脉高压和慢性炎症反应,最终导致低氧血症。

文献显示注射不溶解颗粒最常见的症状是呼吸困难,导致低氧血症和肺心病。对于类似症状者应当先检查D-Dimer和CTA以排除肺栓塞。

目前对此类病人尚无规范有效的治疗措施,最关键的是戒烟和停止药物滥用,同时定期随访以尽早发现肺纤维化。后续治疗目前类似于肺纤维化,以免疫调节剂和激素为主,但是效果不佳。

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    2019-07-11 yese
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    2019-06-09 yxch36
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    2019-01-01 hukaixun
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    2019-01-01 syscxl

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