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Drug Deliv Transl Res:纳米技术与中药(TCM)的结合激发中药的现代化

2022-06-20 August MedSci原创

纳米技术是一个具有巨大应用潜力的新兴领域,为中医药现代化带来了新的动力和信心。纳米中药由于提高生物利用度、增强药效、优化传统剂型、扩大中药应用范围,具有广阔的前景,将现代中药研究推向新的高度。

具有药用价值的中药(TCM)是公认的,古往今来都被用于治疗疾病,其治疗效果都归功于活性成分。中药是一个具有生物活性的大型化学文库,根据典型的化学结构可分为黄酮类、萜类、生物碱类、倍半萜类、多糖类、甙类、皂苷类等多种类。然而,由于这些活性成分的溶解性差、生物利用度低、半衰期短、在生物环境中不稳定等不利的物理和化学特性,在应用上面临着障碍,无法具备优秀药物所需的性能。

因此,有必要克服这些限制,以最大限度地发挥中医在治疗中的作用,这可以通过有效的策略来实现。先进的技术推动了中医药的快速发展,交叉学科的研究可以弥补中医药在实际应用中的不足,更深入挖掘中医药潜在的医学价值,为中医药现代化做出巨大贡献。纳米技术是一门涉及纳米尺度物质和材料的观察、设计、制造和应用的科学,目前已广泛应用于各种生物医学相关领域。自 2000 年中国学者首次提出纳米中药以来,基于分子水平的中草药创新研究推动中医药走向国际平台,是中医药未来发展的大趋势和新方向。有效成分纳米化、中药整体、复方均属于纳米中药范畴。

审查的主要议题,包括纳米中药的剂型、优势、应用和安全性

各种纳米中药的制备方法及特点

各种基于中药的药物递送系统经过精心设计,具有生物相容性和稳定的特性,可分为纳米载体和无载体纳米药物两种不同的平台。关于纳米载体,脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒、纳米乳液、胶束、聚合物纳米粒和介孔二氧化硅纳米粒仍是最常用的剂型,而无载体的纳米中药种类有药物纳米晶、碳点等。与传统剂型相比,中药可以通过纳米技术转化为纳米药物,具有生物利用度高、靶向影响药物在体内分布、缓控释,增强疗效,降低毒性等优点。纳米技术在中药中的各个方面得到了广泛的应用,包括分离的生物活性成分、粗提物、复方的配伍等,使中药的应用更加广泛。尽管取得了这些成就,但有必要更好地了解纳米中药的安全性,以加速未来的临床转化。

肿瘤组织中 EPR 效应的图示纳米药物在血液中循环并通过渗漏的肿瘤脉管系统进入肿瘤组织,最终在肿瘤中积累):

纳米技术加工活性成分的配方及应用:

总体而言,纳米中药的进展令人印象深刻,突出表明纳米技术丰富了中药现代化的研究策略。可以肯定的是,在多学科、多领域的推动下,以纳米技术为驱动的中医药发展正迅速走向更广阔的前景,为中医药现代化发展注入了新的活力

原文:Zheng Y, Wang Y, Xia M, Gao Y, Zhang L, Song Y, Zhang C. The combination of nanotechnology and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) inspires the modernization of TCM: review on nanotechnology in TCM-based drug delivery systems. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2022 Jun;12(6):1306-1325. doi: 10.1007/s13346-021-01029-x. Epub 2021 Jul 14. PMID: 34260049.

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    2022-08-22 wangbingxhy
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    2022-08-21 chenshujs
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    2023-05-02 柳叶一刀
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