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“基因魔剪”专利之争:中国专利没授予张锋,给了他的对手

2017-06-21 王盈颖 澎湃新闻

“基因魔剪”CRISPR/Cas9技术的专利之争又有了新进展。尽管今年年初在美国本土失利,但后续,欧洲专利局和英国专利局称,美国加州大学伯克利分校将获得有广泛使用范畴的CRISPR/Cas9技术专利。如今,加州大学伯克利分校又将赢得来自中国的一分。

“基因魔剪”CRISPR/Cas9技术的专利之争又有了新进展。尽管今年年初在美国本土失利,但后续,欧洲专利局和英国专利局称,美国加州大学伯克利分校将获得有广泛使用范畴的CRISPR/Cas9技术专利。如今,加州大学伯克利分校又将赢得来自中国的一分。

美国时间和瑞士时间当地6月19日,Intellia Therapeutics和CRISPR Therapeutics两家公司相继发布消息称,其已经获得中国国家知识产权局授予的在CRISPR基因编辑技术上的专利。




Intellia Therapeutics和CRISPR Therapeutics两家公司相继发布消息称,其已经获得中国国家知识产权局授予的在CRISPR基因编辑技术上的专利。

两家公司的联合创始人分别包含加州大学伯克利分校生物学家詹妮弗·杜德娜(Jennifer Doudna)和法国微生物学家埃马纽埃尔·卡彭蒂耶(Emmanuelle Charpentier)。两人在2012年曾合作率先报道CRISPR技术能在试管中精确切割细菌(原核细胞)的DNA。

据两家公司公布的消息称,此次在中国被授予的专利覆盖利用CRISPR/Cas9单向导基因编辑技术修改细胞和非细胞环境下的目标DNA,包含较为核心的——对脊椎动物如人类或其他哺乳动物细胞的修改,还涉及使用CRISPR技术生产用于治疗疾病的药物。

而在美国,在真核细胞或者任何细胞有细胞核的物种中使用CRISPR的专利属于华裔科学家张锋所在机构博德研究所(Broad Institute)。2013年,仅和杜德娜与卡彭蒂耶的论文相隔约半年,张锋团队报道了首次在人类细胞(真核细胞)上实现CRISPR基因编辑。

由于申请了快速通道,尽管专利申请时间比加州大学伯克利分校晚几个月,但在2014年,博德研究所率先被美国专利与商标局授予CRISPR用于编辑真核生物细胞的专利。而加州大学伯克利分校关于CRISPR用于编辑细菌、植物、动物和人类等所有类型细胞的专利申请迟迟没获批。

因此,2015年,加州大学伯克利分校申请美国专利及商标局介入,表示该校杜德娜与其合作者卡彭蒂耶是CRISPR技术的最早发现者,在CRISPR上的专利申请与博德研究所已有专利冲突,认为博德研究所2014年的专利无效。

一方是杜德娜所在的加州大学伯克利分校,一方是张锋所在的博德研究所,两方在美国本土的CRISPR/Cas9专利经历了激烈的争夺。争夺的背后,是价值数十亿美元的基因编辑市场。作为现今生命科学领域的明星技术,CRISPR能高效而简便地被用于敲除、加入DNA片段,具有很大学术和市场价值。张锋是另一家CRISPR技术相关公司——Editas Medicine的创始人之一。

双方的专利之争涉及一个关键的技术争议,即CRISPR技术从编辑原核生物到编辑真核生物是不是显而易见的。

杜德娜和加州大学伯克利分校认为,张锋只是诸多杜德娜论文的跟进者之一,将CRISPR运用到老鼠和人类细胞上只需要常规技术,是基于他们在原核细胞中应用的延伸。但博德研究所一方的理由是:杜德娜只是预测CRISPR会在人类细胞上有效,还曾公开表示不抱信心,而张锋团队率先将CRISPR运用到人类细胞中,从应用于原核细胞到真核细胞是一个“质”的跨越。

2017年2月15日,美国专利局审查与上诉委员会就CRISPR的专利纠纷案作出裁决,认为“将CRISPR-cas9用于包括原核细胞或体外的所有环境,这并不能显而易见地推导出这项技术也能用于真核细胞”,裁定张锋所在的博德研究所保留2014年获得的CRISPR专利权,与加州大学伯克利分校的专利申请没有冲突。

因不服美国专利局审查与上诉委员会这一裁定,加州大学伯克利分校正向美国联邦巡回上诉法院提起行政诉讼。

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    2017-08-20 130****4638

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-07-01 lyh994

    争夺的背后,是价值数十亿美元的基因编辑市场

    0

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    2017-06-21 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习。

    0

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    2017-06-21 楠博One

    到底是谁的专利

    0

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