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为治疗自己的癌症,她带来了造福卵巢癌患者的人工智能

2016-12-19 佚名 药明康德

雪莉·佩克(Shirley Pepke)是加州理工学院的一名计算生物学家。和大部分科研人员一样,发表学术论文对雪莉来说是家常便饭。但她即将在2017年发表的一篇论文,却显得有些特别。这项关于卵巢癌治疗的发现,首个应用对象正是她本人。突如其来的晚期卵巢癌雪莉是一名半路出家的生物学家。拥有物理博士学位的她原本是一名软件工程师,并曾协助NASA开发了一款用于火箭发射的人工智能程序。随后,她将自己在算法开

雪莉·佩克(Shirley Pepke)是加州理工学院的一名计算生物学家。和大部分科研人员一样,发表学术论文对雪莉来说是家常便饭。但她即将在2017年发表的一篇论文,却显得有些特别。


这项关于卵巢癌治疗的发现,首个应用对象正是她本人



突如其来的晚期卵巢癌


雪莉是一名半路出家的生物学家。拥有物理博士学位的她原本是一名软件工程师,并曾协助NASA开发了一款用于火箭发射的人工智能程序。随后,她将自己在算法开发上的专长应用到了生物学领域,以分析和处理高通量的基因组数据。


2013年,雪莉的身体出现了一些不适,检查的结果也证实了她的担心——骨盆的超声扫描显示,她患有晚期卵巢癌,肿瘤已经扩散到了她的整个腹腔。医生告诉雪莉,她活满5年的概率不到40%。


听说这个消息后,雪莉立刻决定要用计算生物学的方法研究自己的肿瘤。她想要利用大数据的力量,找到为何不同人对癌症的反应有所不同。从这些数据中,她希望能找到治疗自己癌症的方法。



▲计算生物学也许能带来新的治疗线索(图片来源:H-ITS.org)


“留给我的时间不多了。我的女儿才2岁半,我要尽可能延长我的生命,而不是被动地祈祷一切会变好,”雪莉说:“我非常擅长用计算的方法研究复杂系统,研究癌症对我来说最自然不过了。”


在得知雪莉的病情后,同事们也及时向她伸出了援手。一些同事帮她联系了加州地区的科研人员,并协助雪莉对肿瘤进行了测序。这些基因测序的结果能确定雪莉肿瘤中特有的基因突变,并有望寻找到潜在的靶向治疗方法。然而结果让雪莉失望了——基因测序找到的突变并没有多少治疗上的指导意义。


另一些同事则为她提供了大量基因表达的数据,期望能找到一些基因组没有提供的信息。“基因表达的数据能告诉我从DNA到蛋白所需的时间,有多少蛋白会被合成,以及基因上有没有表观遗传的修饰,”雪莉说:“这也许会影响到肿瘤对疗法的响应。”


然而基因表达的数据库太复杂了。即便是雪莉这样的数据专家,对此也感到难以下手。一条自我拯救的道路,似乎走到了尽头。


当人工智能遇上免疫疗法


“你认识格雷格·维尔斯特格(Greg Ver Steeg)吗?他也许能帮你。”雪莉的一名朋友建议道。格雷格是南加州大学的一名教授。在攻读博士学位期间,他的主业是分析黑洞;而在南加州大学,他利用数学工具来评估社交网络的影响力。这两个看似毫不相关的领域有着一个共同点——它们都需要分析复杂的数据,而这些经验也许能帮到雪莉。


▲关键时刻,格雷格向雪莉伸出了援手(图片来源:USC)


听说雪莉的故事后,格雷格毫不犹豫就答应提供帮助。“这比我之前所做一切工作都要紧急。”格雷格说。


幸运的是,格雷格正在开发的机器学习方法能从大量数据中寻找到隐藏的线索——“如果你看到很多事物都相互有着关联,那么这背后一定有着什么你没看到的关键因素,”格雷格说:“在生物学领域,这样的隐藏因素有很多。例如,基因表达就能告诉我们疾病如何发生进展,以及哪种疗法会起效。”


在等待分析结果的同时,雪莉接受了多次化疗。她的医生用“肿瘤指数”来评估她的治疗情况——正常人的肿瘤指数小于35,而雪莉的数据要超过15,000。化疗后,雪莉的肿瘤指数最初出现了一定的下降,但马上,这个数字又重新开始上涨。后来,化疗对她已经不起作用了。“大多数医生都觉得我就要死了,”雪莉说:“我当时非常沮丧,也失去了勇气。在我看来,他们给我的任何治疗都已经不管用了。”


但在一年后,原本看起来杂乱无章的数据在人工智能的解析下,突然变得有意义起来。“它找出了其他算法无法找到的信息,这既优美,又富有信息量。”雪莉说。


人工智能显示,雪莉的免疫系统存在一定问题,这让肿瘤在体内肆无忌惮地生长。


得知这个结果后,雪莉立刻与她的医生进行了一次长谈,并将治疗方案从常规的化疗,改为了一项还处于临床试验阶段的免疫疗法。“我知道我的免疫系统需要迅速采取行动。如果我不这样做,我很快就会死。”雪莉说。



▲一项还处于临床阶段的免疫疗法,让雪莉重回健康(图片来源:Cancer Research Institute)


保险起见,在接受了免疫疗法的治疗后,雪莉又接受了一轮手术与化疗。两个月后,她迎来了复诊。等待核磁共振扫描结果的过程是漫长的。在不安中,雪莉等到了扫描的结果。


肿瘤消失了。


后记

如今,一年多的时间过去了,雪莉依然没有任何复发的迹象。看起来,格雷格开发的算法让雪莉找到了正确的治疗方法。


“得到这些肿瘤的信息对我来说非常关键,”雪莉说:“我希望它也能造福其他女性。”目前,雪莉与格雷格的论文已经递交,并有望在近期问世。我们期待在未来,癌症患者不需要有专业的科学知识,就能从精准医学与量身定制的疗法中受益,找到最合适的疗法。

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    2017-02-28 远方就在不远处

    牛人

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    2016-12-24 cqykthl

    厉害啦!

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    2016-12-19 张蔚然

    0

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    2016-12-19 张蔚然

    没问题

    0

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    2016-12-19 thlabcde

    太了不起了!

    0

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    2016-12-19 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    赞赞赞!!!

    0

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    2016-12-19 lietome2

    大数据的分析!!!牛!!

    0

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    2016-12-19 doctorJiangchao

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