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Toxicol Sci:重金属镉通过影响受伤后炎症反应干扰皮肤伤口愈合

2017-09-05 Emma MedSci原创

镉是人体非必需元素,在自然界中常以化合物状态存在,正常环境状态下不会影响人体健康,但是它比其它重金属更容易被农作物所吸附。镉被广泛应用于电镀工业、电子业和核工业等领域。相当数量的镉通过废气、废水、废渣排入环境,造成污染。当环境受到镉污染后,可在生物体内富集,通过食物链进入人体引起慢性中毒。

镉是人体非必需元素,在自然界中常以化合物状态存在,正常环境状态下不会影响人体健康,但是它比其它重金属更容易被农作物所吸附。镉被广泛应用于电镀工业、电子业和核工业等领域。相当数量的镉通过废气、废水、废渣排入环境,造成污染。当环境受到镉污染后,可在生物体内富集,通过食物链进入人体引起慢性中毒。

长期饮用受镉污染的自来水或地表水,并用受镉污染的水进行灌溉(特别是稻谷),会致使镉在体内蓄积,镉被人体吸收后,在体内形成镉硫蛋白,选择性地蓄积在肝、肾中。其中,肾脏可吸收进入体内近1/3的镉,是镉中毒的"靶器官",其它脏器如脾、胰、甲状腺和毛发等也有一定量的蓄积。由于镉损伤肾小管,病者出现糖尿、蛋白尿和氨基酸尿。镉中毒特别会使骨骼的代谢受阻,造成骨质疏松、萎缩、变形等一系列症状。此外,慢性镉中毒对人体生育能力也有所影响,它会严重损伤Y因子,使出生的婴儿多为女性。中国广州中山大学生物科技学院联同香港浸会大学生物系在2006年3至4月期间,抽查化验中港两地市面出售的杨桃,51%镉含量属严重超标。

关于镉(Cd)的毒性评估及其对免疫系统的损害是一个研究人员持续关注的问题。发表于Toxicol Sci的一篇文章中,研究人员调查了Cd是否会影响伤口愈合以及其中的作用机制。结果表明,Cd干扰皮肤伤口愈合并通过影响受伤后的炎症反应来进行作用。

研究人员通过饮用水以10,30和50mg/L的剂量使小鼠暴露于CdCl2中8周,发现小鼠皮肤伤口愈合受到明显损伤。慢性30 mg/L CdCl2处理使小鼠血Cd水平提高到与低剂量Cd暴露人类水平相当,对血液总量和白细胞计数差异无影响,但损伤后早期损伤组织中嗜中性粒细胞浸润,趋化因子(CXCL1,CXCL2)和促炎细胞因子(TNFα,IL-1β和IL-6)表达减少。与未经治疗的小鼠相比,来自CdCl2处理的小鼠受伤组织匀浆对嗜中性粒细胞具有较低的趋化活性。

对于作用机制的研究显示,慢性镉处理抑制伤后早期受伤组织中的ERK1/2和NF-κBp65磷酸化。与未经处理的小鼠分离的嗜中性粒细胞相比,来自CdCl2处理的小鼠的嗜中性粒细胞和用CdCl2处理的正常嗜中性粒细胞在化学引诱物刺激下具有较低的趋化反应,钙动员和ERK1/2磷酸化。

结果显示,慢性低剂量镉暴露通过抑制趋化因子表达和嗜中性粒细胞趋化反应减少嗜中性粒细胞浸润,抑制炎性细胞因子表达,从而影响皮肤创伤愈合。Cd可通过抑制ERK1/2和NF-κB的作用来抑制趋化因子和促炎细胞表达,并通过减弱化学诱导对钙的动员和ERK1/2磷酸化来抑制嗜中性粒细胞趋化性。

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    2018-06-14 saikp
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    2017-09-07 shock_melon

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