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ESC 2013:减压手术可减少老年恶性卒中患者死亡和残疾(DESTINY Ⅱ研究)

2013-07-27 MedSci MedSci原创

2013欧洲卒中大会(ESC)上公布的DESTINYⅡ研究结果表明,减压手术可显著增加大脑中动脉(MCA)卒中所致大面积脑肿胀的老年患者的生存率。 主要研究者、德国海德堡大学的Werner Hacke博士报告称, 1年随访结果显示,接受偏侧颅骨切除术治疗的≥61岁患者生存率为57%,而接受标准重症监护的患者生存率为24%(P<0.001),且生存率提高并未导致严重残疾增加。 Werner Hack

2013欧洲卒中大会(ESC)上公布的DESTINYⅡ研究结果表明,减压手术可显著增加大脑中动脉(MCA)卒中所致大面积脑肿胀的老年患者的生存率。

主要研究者、德国海德堡大学的Werner Hacke博士报告称, 1年随访结果显示,接受偏侧颅骨切除术治疗的≥61岁患者生存率为57%,而接受标准重症监护的患者生存率为24%(P<0.001),且生存率提高并未导致严重残疾增加。

Werner Hacke博士

Hacke博士指出, MCA恶性梗死是一种死亡率最高的缺血性脑梗死,这与脑水肿导致的快速神经功能恶化有关(Postgrad. Med. J. 2010;86:235-42 )。如果采取机械通气和颅内减压保守治疗,将占院内死亡病例的70%~80%。

证据支持减压手术

包括DESTINYⅠ研究(减压手术治疗MCA恶性梗死)在内的既往研究汇总分析显示,缺血性损伤发生48 h内通过临时去除部分颅骨降低颅内压,可减少60岁以下患者近50%的死亡和不良临床结局风险(Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:215-22)。DESTINYⅡ研究数据再次表明,减压手术也能够使老年患者受益,受益程度可与年轻患者相媲美。

这项随机试验共入组112例≥61岁的恶性MCA梗死患者,平均年龄70岁,60%~67%为非优势半球受累,入组时国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)平均评分为20~22。这些患者随即接受单纯最大程度的保守治疗或在发病后48 h内行偏侧颅骨切除术(Int. J. Stroke 2011;6:79-86)。

主要终点指标为6个月时改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分达到0~4与5~6的患者比例。评分为6表示死亡,5表示为严重残疾,如卧床不起、失禁和需要长期护理与照顾。

Hacke博士指出,数据与安全监测委员会(DSMB)在6个月时评估了82例患者数据后停止了这项研究。具体原因未见披露,但部分研究方案规定,一旦达到统计学显著性差异即可停止试验。试验停止时,另外30例已经入组的患者也被纳入了意向治疗分析(ITT)。

DESTINYⅡ试验结果

DSMB数据显示,手术患者mRS评分为0~4的比例显著多于标准重症监护治疗患者(40.5% vs. 18.6%,P =0.039),mRS评分为5或6的比例分别为59.5%和81.4%。ITT分析结果仍然如此。

在纳入ITT分析的病例中,12个月时mRS为0~4的手术治疗和保守治疗患者生存率分别为38%和16%,mRS为5~6的比例分别为62%和84%(P=0.009)。

对复合次要终点指标(NIHSS评分、Barthel 日常活动指数、SF-36以及EuroQoL-5D)的12个月ITT分析也表明,早期偏侧颅骨切除术具有明显优势。但Hacke博士注意到,这或许是统计学假象,因为当仅对1年时生存患者的数据进行分析时,上述显著差异不复存在。

回顾性询问结果也支持手术治疗

当询问生存者及其照顾者是否愿意再次接受这类手术时,考虑到对最终结果的了解,大多数手术治疗生存者(77%,n=27)和保守治疗生存者(73%,,n=15)均表示愿意。这表明,包括中重度残疾患者(mRS评分为4)在内的大多数患者,宁愿接受手术治疗也不愿意死亡。

英国基尔大学内科学教授Christine Roffe博士评论称,人们在罹患卒中后,往往改变对残疾的看法。认为大多数人宁愿死亡也不愿身患严重残疾度过余生的想法是不合理的。虽然卒中患者往往完全残疾,不能自理,但他们仍能够继续快乐地生活。

DESTINYⅡ试验结果显示,不管是否残疾,手术患者仍能与保守治疗患者同样快乐生活,但他们生存率更高。 Roffe博士还认为,应考虑上述结果的伦理意义,建议由患者自己决定他们的治疗。

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    2013-07-29 fusion
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    2013-07-29 fusion

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