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骨瓣旋转联合钛网修补治疗额骨粉碎凹陷性骨折1例

2020-02-17 巨占盈 杨明飞 中国现代医学杂志

患者,男性,汉族,32岁,因头部外伤伴头痛6h入院。受伤原因为患者在家中干活时不慎被弹起的木棒砸中额部。入院查体:眉间可见“L”形长约3 cm皮肤裂伤,右侧眼睑青紫、肿胀明显,双侧瞳孔等大正圆,直间接对光反射存在。入院后头颅平扫及三维重建CT示:右侧额窦壁粉碎凹陷性骨折,右侧眶顶壁骨折,右侧额部硬膜外血肿,颅内多发积气,右侧额窦少量积血(见图1、2)。

1.临床资料
 
患者,男性,汉族,32岁,因头部外伤伴头痛6h入院。受伤原因为患者在家中干活时不慎被弹起的木棒砸中额部。入院查体:眉间可见“L”形长约3 cm皮肤裂伤,右侧眼睑青紫、肿胀明显,双侧瞳孔等大正圆,直间接对光反射存在。入院后头颅平扫及三维重建CT示:右侧额窦壁粉碎凹陷性骨折,右侧眶顶壁骨折,右侧额部硬膜外血肿,颅内多发积气,右侧额窦少量积血(见图1、2)。



采用冠状切口,形成皮瓣后见右侧额骨及额窦局部粉碎凹陷性骨折,摘除小的游离碎骨片,在骨折上方内钻1孔,铣刀分别铣至骨折左右缘,形成约5 cm×7 cm大小骨瓣,取下骨瓣后,去除无法还纳的碎骨片,碘伏浸泡骨瓣。清除硬膜外血肿及额窦积血,剥除额窦黏膜,额窦腔及术区用碘伏及生理盐水反复冲洗,骨蜡严密封闭额窦。去除的碎骨片导致右侧眶缘内上方有约4 cm×2 cm大小颅骨缺损区,以缺损区大小为标准修整游离骨瓣颞侧,将游离骨瓣逆时针旋转90°,骨瓣颞侧覆盖眶上缺损区,钛链4枚固定。而骨瓣上部缺损区以钛网修补。复查头颅平扫及三维重建CT示:粉碎凹陷性骨折已复位,颅骨缺损钛网修补术后改变(见图3~5)。术后患者外观佳(见图6)。



2.讨论
 
处理颅骨粉碎凹陷性骨折常用钛网、钛板链接片、骨水泥、医用EC胶及有机玻璃等。但对一些特殊部位的骨折,常用的方法往往修复困难。如本例患者,骨折范围累计眶上缘及整个额窦,单纯用剩余的骨瓣修复,会造成额部颅骨缺损区的皮肤凹陷,特别是发际外,严重影响美观。单纯用钛网修补,眶上缘钛网固定困难,易导致钛网外漏,并发感染累计眼部及脑内。而采用骨瓣旋转联合钛网修补尽可能地避免了上述缺点。但术前要充分考虑眶上额部颅骨缺损范围大小及形状。形成的游离骨瓣要尽可能满足眶上缺损区的覆盖。因此,临床工作中灵活多变的方法,有助于达到更好的治疗效果。
 
原始出处:

巨占盈,杨明飞.骨瓣旋转联合钛网修补治疗额骨粉碎凹陷性骨折1例[J].中国现代医学杂志,2019,29(03):127-128.

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