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双胎完全性房室传导阻滞1例

2018-01-19 佚名 实用妇产科杂志

患者,24岁,G1P0,孕21+3周

【一般资料】

患者,24岁,G1P0,孕21+3周,

【主诉】

因发现双胎胎心率均过缓1小时于2015年9月28日急诊转入本院。

【现病史】

孕16周当地医院检查,双胎胎心未见明显异常,患者于9月28日在当地医院行常规产检时,多普勒测胎心发现双胎胎心率均过缓(单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎),分别为65/min、67/min。行急诊超声检查示胎儿大小符合孕周,脐血流未见明显异常,双胎胎心均过缓:心率为66/min、67/min。为进一步明确诊断,急诊转诊我院。

【既往史】

患者孕前1年无明显诱因出现数个龋齿,且唇黏膜及周围皮肤容易干燥起皮,未予重视及处理。本次孕早期无病毒及有毒、有害物质接触史,无放射性接触。

【家族史】

家族中无心脏病患者,亦无自身免疫性疾病史。

【辅助检查】

入院后即行胎儿心脏超声心动图检测,见:胎儿心率过缓,心律不齐,心房与心室搏动不一致,双胎心功能降低;双胎儿心胸面积比例轻度增大,胎儿重症心律失常,完全性房室传导阻滞(心室率过缓),一胎儿心房率132/min,心室率59/min;另一胎儿心房率142/min,心室率58/min。检查胎儿心脏结构未见明显异常。孕妇自身抗体检测:抗SSA阳性,抗SSB弱阳性,抗核抗体ANA滴度为1∶320。血沉27.0mm/h。孕妇心电图及超声心动图检查及常规检查未见明显异常。

【初步诊断

结合现病史,孕妇龋齿、口干及自身抗体阳性,考虑双胎妊娠合并干燥综合征,双胎均完全性房室传导阻滞。

【治疗】

与患者及家属及时沟通后,孕妇及家属经过反复考虑,强烈要求继续妊娠。遂建议小剂量地塞米松(10mg/d,口服),以减少抗体产生,减少抗体通过胎盘影响胎儿,尽量使胎儿能恢复心律,并向患者及其家属解释激素治疗的利弊,患者及家属经权衡,拒绝使用任何激素,要求顺其自然。因此,建议:每月行超声复查监测胎儿宫内情况,并且每天在家中自行测胎心。后经多次超声检查示:双胎胎儿大小及(心脏)结构均未见明显异常,心律如前未见好转,未见明显变化。复查孕妇抗核抗体ANA滴度仍为1∶320,无变化,血沉升高至29mm/h。余各项生化检查未见明显异常。患者于孕35+6周,胎儿增大,膈肌明显上抬,出现胸闷症状,孕妇夜间睡眠质量较差,强烈要求提前终止妊娠,于2016年1月7日在腰麻下行子宫下段剖宫产术,顺利助娩两男婴,羊水均清,双胎均无脐带绕颈及脐带过度扭转,胎位LOT/ROP,共用1个胎盘,Apgar评分均为9分。两个新生儿的体质量分别为2525g、2320g。查体:两个新生儿全身皮肤黏膜及甲床红润,触摸皮肤温暖,大声哭闹时均无皮肤黏膜发绀,双肺及腹部未见异常;心界无扩大,听诊各个瓣膜区未见明显杂音,心音稍低钝。因早产儿、新生儿心律失常转新生儿科。入新生儿科后即行各项相关检查,持续心电监护示:两婴儿血氧饱和度分别波动于0.98~0.99、0.97~0.98。床边胸片示:均未见明显异常。床边超声心动图示:一婴儿动脉导管未闭,大血管水平血液左向右分流,可疑新生儿卵圆孔未闭,心动过缓,余未见明显异常;另一婴儿卵圆孔未闭,心房血液左向右分流,心动过缓;余未见明显异常。床边心电图示:两婴儿心房率为214/min、167/min,心室率为65/min、58/min,检查诊断均为窦性心动过速,交界性逸博心律,完全性房室传导阻滞。其他常规检查及心肌酶谱检查均未见异常。新生儿住院观察期间给予营养心肌,改善循环,补充能量等治疗,共14天,治疗前后心电图及超声心动图均未见明显变化,出院后门诊随访。随访至2017年1月15日,即1周岁时神经系统发育与体格发育正常,体质及运动能力与同龄相比未见异常。母亲干燥综合征症状未使用药物治疗,基本缓解。

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