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J Virol:武汉病毒所筛选得到四级病原拉沙病毒的入侵抑制剂

2018-07-02 佚名 武汉病毒所

近日,中国科学院武汉病毒研究所/病毒学国家重点实验室肖庚富研究组在病毒学杂志Journal of Virology上发表题为Screening and Identification of Lassa Virus Entry Inhibitors from an FDA-Approved Drugs Library(《基于FDA批准药物库筛选并鉴定拉沙病毒入侵抑制剂》)的研究论文。该研究成功筛选得到

近日,中国科学院武汉病毒研究所/病毒学国家重点实验室肖庚富研究组在病毒学杂志Journal of Virology上发表题为Screening and Identification of Lassa Virus Entry Inhibitors from an FDA-Approved Drugs Library(《基于FDA批准药物库筛选并鉴定拉沙病毒入侵抑制剂》)的研究论文。该研究成功筛选得到阻断四级病原拉沙病毒(Lassa virus,LASV)入侵的药物:拉西地平和苯氧司林;并对其作用机制进行了详细阐述。

LASV属沙粒病毒科(Arenaviridae),哺乳类沙粒病毒属(Mammarenavirus),引发烈性传染病拉沙热,被美国疾控中心归类为A类生物恐怖病原(Category A bioterrorism agent)。LASV的天然宿主是啮齿类多乳鼠,人主要通过接触含有病毒的动物排泄物或气溶胶感染,人与人之间也会发生相互传播。LASV主要在西非地区流行,每年约30-50万人感染,在住院患者中的致死率最高可达70%,幸存者往往也会伴有耳聋等严重后遗症。在今年年初,尼日利亚爆发了该国史上最严重的一次拉沙热疫情,截至3月15日,已有365人确认感染拉沙热,其中81人死亡。了解LASV的致病机制,发展针对LASV的治疗手段非常必要。目前还没有FDA批准的针对LASV的特效药物和疫苗,治疗手段仅限于在感染早期使用广谱抗病毒药物利巴韦林,因此迫切需要研发高效、特异的抗LASV药物。

病毒入侵是病毒生命周期至关重要的一步,是抗病毒药物设计的重要靶点之一。构建了以水泡性口炎病毒为骨架、囊膜蛋白为LASV囊膜糖蛋白 GPC(glycoprotein complex)的假型病毒和重组病毒,假型病毒和重组病毒由于囊膜蛋白与LASV相同,因此可以在生物安全二级的条件下模拟LASV的入侵过程。由于其携带报告基因,可用于高通量筛选实验。

研究人员通过对1018种FDA批准的药物文库进行高通量筛选,鉴定出两种特异性抑制LASV入侵的药物:拉西地平和苯氧司林,它们的IC50分别为2.6μM和5.3μM(图1)。通过进一步的机制探索,研究人员发现两个药物都是通过抑制酸性pH诱导的膜融合从而阻止LASV的入侵。通过筛选适应性突变,明确拉西地平的作用靶点是信号肽SSP胞外域的第40位苏氨酸(T);突变为赖氨酸(T40K)后对拉西地平的敏感性降低。进一步的研究发现T40突变为K、精氨酸(R)、天冬氨酸(D)的重组病毒都具有显着的耐药性,而T40突变为丙氨酸(A)的重组病毒没有表现出耐药性。对这些突变病毒的生长特性考察发现, T40K突变的病毒生长特征最接近野生型病毒,而T40R和T40D突变的病毒生长明显弱于野生型病毒。在此基础上,考察拉西地平和苯氧司林的广谱抗病毒活性,发现拉西地平对于Mopeia virus(MOPV)和A级病原Guanarito virus(GTOV)也有显着的抑制效果,IC50分别为4.8 μM和6.2 μM;苯氧司林对于MOPV、GTOV和Chapare virus(CHPV)有着显着的抑制作用,IC50分别为8.3μM、6.1μM和8.0μM。

该实验揭示了两种FDA批准的小分子药物能够在微摩尔浓度下有效地抑制LASV的入侵过程,其作用机制是通过与SSP和GP2亚基相互作用,稳定GPC膜融合前的构象,抑制膜融合而发挥其抗病毒效果。该研究鉴定出有潜力的LASV入侵抑制剂,为进一步揭示沙粒病毒入侵机制和发展抗沙粒病毒药物奠定了实验基础。

这种老药新用的策略可以加快候选药物的临床实验进程,适用于新发、烈性传染性疾病的应急处置。以往针对EBOV的药物研究鉴定出了用于治疗高血压和矽肺的中药粉防己碱可以有效抑制EBOV的入侵过程,针对寨卡病毒(ZIKV)和日本乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)的FDA批准药物筛选工作也鉴定出了有效抑制病毒的药物,证明了这种策略的可行性。

该研究得到了国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0507204)、国家自然科学基金(31670165)、武汉国家生物安全实验室高端用户培育项目课题暨中科院高致病性病原生物学与生物安全重点实验室开放研究基金课题(NBL2017008)、病毒学国家重点实验室开放课题(2018IOV001)资助。

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    2018-09-12 jklm09
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