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Annals Oncol: 首例 “人工催熟”癌症患者卵子孕育的婴儿降生

2020-02-21 张静茹 生物探索

2019年7月6日,在法国巴黎安托万·贝克莱尔大学医院,一位名叫Jules的健康男孩出生了。值得一提的是,他是首例使用在实验室成熟的癌症患者卵子冷冻然后融化,并受精成功所孕育的活产婴儿。这项研究意义深远,相关结果发表在知名癌症杂志《肿瘤学年鉴》(Annals of Oncology)上

在年轻的癌症患者中保留生育力(FP)的问题已成为一个主要问题。所以一些没有孩子的女性会选择冷冻卵子,以便在癌症治疗后圆自己的生育梦。试管婴儿(IVF)技术是最成熟也是最有效的选择。但由于其需要利用激素来刺激卵巢以产生成熟的卵子,对于一些需要紧急治疗的女性,可能没有时间等待。

2019年7月6日,在法国巴黎安托万·贝克莱尔大学医院,一位名叫Jules的健康男孩出生了。值得一提的是,他是首例使用在实验室成熟的癌症患者卵子冷冻然后融化,并受精成功所孕育的活产婴儿。这项研究意义深远,相关结果发表在知名癌症杂志《肿瘤学年鉴》(Annals of Oncology)上。

具体来说,Jules的妈妈在5年前被确诊乳腺癌,并将接受化疗。当29岁的她得知接受癌症治疗后可能会带来不育的风险后,便决定冷冻卵子。超声检查发现她的卵巢中有17个小窦卵泡,其中包含未成熟的卵子。如果使用激素刺激卵巢使其卵子成熟会花费太长时间,并且可能会导致她的癌症恶化,显然卵巢刺激方法并不适用于她。于是经过与医生的沟通后,在癌症治疗之前,医生从她的卵巢中提取了7个未成熟的卵子,并使用了一种称为体外成熟(IVM)的技术使卵子在实验室进一步发育,然后将成熟的卵子通过玻璃化冷冻备用。

5年后,患者从乳腺癌中康复,并且不孕1年。担心刺激卵巢可能会带来乳腺癌复发的风险,她决定使用冷冻卵。6个卵母细胞经过解冻且都存活了下来,医生使用ICSI(胞浆内精子注射)进行受精。其中5个受精成功,1个胚胎被转移到患者子宫内。幸运地是,她成功怀孕了,9个月后,Jules出生。

值得注意的是,早在2007年,就有关于人工催熟卵子婴儿的成果报道。彼时,加拿大蒙特利尔麦吉尔生育中心专家汉纳尔•霍尔泽博士在法国里昂宣布,世界上第一例通过“人工催熟”卵子孕育的婴儿已经在加拿大诞生。然而当时的研究还处于早期阶段,而且这种在实验室中将未成熟卵子人工催熟的方法尚未在癌症患者身上进行实验。



玻璃化冷冻的卵母细胞在没有卵巢刺激的情况下恢复并在体外成熟。

在最新的研究中,研究小组建议,对于年轻的癌症患者,应始终将保留生育能力视为治疗的一部分。卵巢刺激后卵或胚胎玻璃化冷冻仍是最成熟和最有效的选择。但是,对于某些患者,由于需要紧急癌症治疗或其他禁忌,标准的IVF治疗不可行的情况下,冷冻卵巢组织是一种选择。但因其需要进行腹腔镜手术,在某些疾病中,当组织被移植回患者体内时,它具有重新引入恶性细胞的风险。

“当无法考虑卵巢刺激时,IVM使我们能够在紧急情况下或对患者进行冷冻卵子或胚胎,且不会增加癌症复发的风险,”安托万·贝克莱尔大学医院生殖医学和生殖力保存系主任Michaël Grynberg教授说。

当然,与卵巢刺激后获得的卵子相比,在实验室中成熟的卵子质量比较低。但是Jules的成功表明,体外成熟技术应该被认为是女性生育力保存的可行选择,理想情况下还应与卵巢组织冷冻保存相结合。Grynberg透露,自Jules妈妈之后,又有两名接受癌症治疗的妇女在医院接受了相同的手术,现在已经怀孕。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1776273, encodeId=d0f31e7627389, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9ddc24e7232' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人工催熟#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24772, encryptionId=9ddc24e7232, topicName=人工催熟)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=144138903548, createdName=circumcision, createdTime=Fri Nov 13 02:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1865789, encodeId=7b631865e89e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 14:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1289669, encodeId=3220128966916, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cbb8e1356f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71356, encryptionId=cbb8e1356f7, topicName=癌症患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=10ba218, createdName=zgwhgch, createdTime=Sun Feb 23 10:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522339, encodeId=190c15223394e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d36d3681414' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卵子#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36814, encryptionId=d36d3681414, topicName=卵子)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=73f511449037, createdName=zlawrance, createdTime=Sun Feb 23 10:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1037989, encodeId=1a68103e98969, content=谢谢梅斯分享这么多精彩信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=anti-cancer, createdTime=Fri Feb 21 22:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-04-17 minlingfeng
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    2020-02-23 zlawrance
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    2020-02-21 anti-cancer

    谢谢梅斯分享这么多精彩信息

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