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ASCO-GU 2018:寡转移性前列腺癌的临床处理

2018-02-13 作者 | 纪长威 郭宏骞(南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院泌尿外科) 编辑 | 豆豆(中国医学论坛报) 中国医学论坛报今日肿瘤

2018年ASCO GU研讨会于当地时间2月8日在旧金山拉开帷幕,吸引了超过4300名来自世界各地的泌尿生殖肿瘤专家和基础研究学者参与。论坛首日的内容是关于前列腺癌的临床和基础研究进展,寡转移性前列腺癌(Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer)的诊疗是本次论坛的讨论热点之一。

当地时间2月8~10日,2018年美国临床肿瘤学会泌尿肿瘤研讨会(ASCO GU)将于美国旧金山召开。本次会议的主题是“将科研证据转化为多学科照护(Translating Evidence to Multidisciplinary Care)”。

2018年ASCO GU研讨会于当地时间2月8日在旧金山拉开帷幕,吸引了超过4300名来自世界各地的泌尿生殖肿瘤专家和基础研究学者参与。与规模庞大的美国泌尿外科学会(AUA)年会和欧洲泌尿外科学会(EAU)年会不同,ASCO GU的所有主要议题均在同一个主会场完成,主题鲜明,紧张有序。前列腺癌、膀胱癌和肾癌三大泌尿系统肿瘤几乎占满了本次论坛的全部日程。

论坛首日的内容是关于前列腺癌的临床和基础研究进展,寡转移性前列腺癌(Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer)的诊疗是本次论坛的讨论热点之一。所谓“寡转移”是指肿瘤介于器官局限性疾病和广泛转移之间的一个特殊阶段,对于前列腺癌来说通常指转移灶的个数不多于5个(图1)。



图1

PSMA PET/CT显像技术的快速发展使前列腺癌盆腔外转移灶的检出率明显升高,这也使得我们更多地面对寡转移性前列腺癌的临床处理问题(图2)。针对转移性肿瘤的治疗通常包括对原发灶和转移灶的处理。然而近年来关于肿瘤转移机制的研究表明,除了早期来自原发灶的转移外,转移灶本身也可能成为进一步转移的来源,因此单纯针对原发灶的处理并不一定能达到减瘤的目的(图3)。基于这一理论,来自加州大学旧金山分校的Felix Y.Feng教授提出寡转移性前列腺癌处理的三个原则:①针对前列腺癌原发灶的局部治疗;②基于淋巴结和转移灶的治疗;③系统性全身治疗(图4)。



图2



图3



图4

关于寡转移性前列腺癌原发灶局部治疗有5项临床研究正在进行中,包括TRoMbone、g-RAMPP、SWOG 1982、HORRAD和STAMPEDE研究,主要治疗方法为前列腺根治性切除术和根治性放疗,现有资料表明针对原发灶的局部治疗可使这类患者生存获益。

基于转移灶的治疗主要为立体定向放疗(SBRT)和远距离治疗(EBRT)。包括STOMP、ORIOLE、CORE和GICOR在内的多项临床研究表明,针对淋巴结或转移灶的放疗可以改善无生化复发生存(BRFS)和无进展生存(PFS)。系统性全身治疗是在雄激素剥夺治疗(ADT)的基础上加用化疗、阿比特龙等药物,GETUG、RTOG和STAMPEDE等多项临床研究表明系统性治疗可能使寡转移性前列腺癌患者受益。然而肿瘤的异质性使得临床表现相近的患者,即便接受相同的治疗,其进展速度却相去甚远(图5)。为避免治疗延误或过度治疗,未来研究需要寻求更好的指标来判断肿瘤及转移灶的侵袭性。



图5

ASCO GU的特色之一是就每个争议性问题请正反双方专家分别进行论证。

同样来自加州大学旧金山分校的Mack Roach教授通过病例报告肯定了转移性前列腺癌局部治疗的作用,他认为通过回顾性分析、随机对照研究推论和借鉴其他肿瘤(如肾癌、乳腺癌)治疗经验可以肯定转移性前列腺癌局部治疗的积极作用,并提出“没有证据并不能证明没有作用(Absence of proof is not proof of absence)”。

而来自托马斯杰斐逊大学的Adam Dicker教授则旗帜鲜明的地提出,在目前没有一类证据的前提下,我们需要警惕各种治疗带来的毒副反应,前列腺癌转移灶的生物学特性和转移方式远比我们所知的复杂,原发灶和转移灶均可成为新的转移来源。他随后提出“We don’t know what we don’t know”,任何治疗的出发点都应该是无损于患者为先。

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    2018-02-14 梦想起航ing

    寡转移照样手术处理

    0

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    2018-02-13 虈亣靌

    学习一下很不错

    0

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